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Piet de Jong

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Piet de Jong
Chair of the Parliamentary Party - KVP Senate
In office May 11, 1971 – September 17, 1974
Preceded by	Jan Niers
Succeeded by	Jan Teijssen
Member of the Senate
In office May 11, 1971 – September 17, 1974
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
In office April 5, 1967 – July 6, 1971
Monarch	Juliana
Preceded by	Jelle Zijlstra
Succeeded by	Barend Biesheuvel
Minister of Defence
In office July 24, 1963 – April 5, 1967
Prime Minister	Victor Marijnen (1963-1965) Jo Cals (1965-1966) Jelle Zijlstra (1966-1967)
Preceded by	Sim Visser
Succeeded by	Willem den Toom
State Secretary for Defence
In office June 25, 1959 – July 24, 1963
Prime Minister	Jan de Quay
Preceded by	Michael Calmeyer
Succeeded by	Joop Haex
Born	April 3, 1915 (1915-04-03) (age 94) Apeldoorn, Netherlands
Birth name	Petrus Jozef Sietze de Jong
Nationality	Dutch
Political party	KVP (1959-1980) CDA (from 1980)
Spouse(s)	Anneke Bartels (born 1915)
Residence	Wassenaar, Netherlands
Alma mater	Royal Netherlands Naval College
Occupation	Politician Public servant Naval Officer
Religion	Roman Catholic
Military service
Nickname(s)	Uncle Piet
Allegiance	The Netherlands
Service/branch	Royal Netherlands Navy
Years of service	1934-1959
Rank	Kapitein-ter-zee
Commands	Submarine 0-24 Hr. Ms. De Zeeuw Hr. Ms. Gelderland
Battles/wars	World War II

Petrus Josef Sietse “Piet” de Jong (born April 3, 1915) is a retired Dutch politician of the dissolved Catholic People’s Party now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from April 5, 1967 until July 6, 1971. A veteran naval officer he commanded several ships during World War II. He is currently the oldest living former Prime Minister of the Netherlands, and is one of the Longest lived state leaders at the age of 94.

Biography

Early life

After leaving secondary school, he joined the Royal Netherlands Navy as a midshipman in 1931 and subsequently attended the Royal Netherlands Naval College in Den Helder. In 1934 he received his commission as a sub-lieutenant and from 1935 to 1947 served in submarines.

On May 13, 1940 de Jong sailed to England on board the Dutch submarine 0-24 and during World War II saw action initially as first officer and from mid-1944 onwards as commander of that vessel. In April 1946 he returned on board the 0-24 to the Netherlands. In 1947 he was attached to the Naval Staff of the Admiralty and in 1948 became adjutant to the Navy Minister.

From 1951 to the end of 1952, de Jong commanded a naval frigate called De Zeeuw, after which he joined the staff of the Allied Commander-in-Chief Channel in the British naval base at Portsmouth. In 1955 he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff to the Inspector-General of the Royal Netherlands Navy Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and aide-de-camp to Queen Juliana, after which he returned to sea in 1958 as commander of the submarine chaser De Gelderlander.

Politics

From June 25, 1959 to July 24, 1963, de Jong was State Secretary for Defence in the Cabinet de Quay and immediately thereafter Minister of Defence in the successive Cabinets Marijnen, Cals and Zijlstra. From April 5, 1967 to July 6, 1971 he was Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs in the Cabinet de Jong. His Cabinet was the first Dutch Cabinet since World War II that served a full four-year term.

After serving as Prime Minister of the Netherlands de Jong became a member of the Senate, where he served from 1971 to 1974 and as the Chair of the Parliamentary Party in the Senate. Following the end of his active political career, de Jong occupied many posts in industry and seats on numerous supervisory boards.

Trivia

Piet de Jong in 2008

In 2001 former Deputy Prime Minister Hans Wiegel praised de Jong as perhaps the best Prime Minister of the Netherlands after World War II.

References

1. ^ (Dutch) Ik zag de schepen en wist wat ik wilde worden
2. ^ (Dutch) Na 30 jaar eindelijk lof voor Piet de Jong

External links

• (Dutch) Official Parliamentary Biography
• Biography on the Ministry of General Affairs

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Piet de Jong

v • d • e Prime Ministers of the Netherlands Gerrit Schimmelpenninck • Jacob De Kempenaer • Johan Rudolph Thorbecke • Floris Adriaan van Hall  • Justinus Van der Brugghen • Jan Jacob Rochussen • Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt • Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte • Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt •Pieter Philip van Bosse • Gerrit de Vries • J. Heemskerk • Kappeyne van de Coppello • Van Lynden van Sandenburg • J. Heemskerk • Mackay • Van Tienhoven • Roëll • Pierson • Kuyper • De Meester • T. Heemskerk • Cort van der Linden • Ruijs de Beerenbrouck • Colijn • De Geer • Gerbrandy • Schermerhorn • Beel • Drees • De Quay • Marijnen • Cals • Zijlstra • De Jong • Biesheuvel • Den Uyl • Van Agt • Lubbers • Kok • Balkenende

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_de_Jong”
Categories: 1915 births | Living people | Prime Ministers of the Netherlands | Dutch politicians | Government ministers of the Netherlands | State Secretaries of the Netherlands | Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands | Members of the Senate of the Netherlands | Dutch civil servants | Dutch military commanders | Dutch naval commanders | Dutch naval personnel | Dutch sailors | Dutch military personnel of World War II | Submarine commanders | Submariners | Dutch Roman Catholics | People from Apeldoorn

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Military district (Germany)

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Map of military districts of Germany during Second World War

During World War II Germany used the system of military districts (German: Wehrkreis) to relieve field commanders of as much administrative work as possible and to provide a regular flow of trained recruits and supplies to the Field Army. The method they adopted was to separate the Field Army (Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres) from the Home Command (Heimatkriegsgebiet) and to entrust the responsibilities of training, conscription, supply and equipment to that command.

The Commander of the Infantry Corps with the identical number also commanded the Wehrkreis in peacetime, but command of the Wehrkreis passed to his second-in command at the outbreak of war.

Before the start of the war, there were also four Motorized Army Corps (in effect, staffs to control the training of Panzer and Light Panzer formations) which had no corresponding military districts, but were served (as regards conscription and supplies) by the districts in which Corps headquarters or subordinate formations had their Home Garrison Stations. These Corps were:

• XIV Army Corps (Motorized) - XIV. Armeekorps (mot.)
• XV Army Corps (Motorized) - XV. Armeekorps (mot.)
• XVI Army Corps (Motorized) - XVI. Armeekorps (mot.)
• XIX Army Corps - XIX. Armeekorps

The Districts were organized into a Chain of Command that included Area Headquarters (Wehrersatzbezirk Hauptquartier) and Sub-area headquarters (Wehrbezirk Hauptquartier).

During World War II, Germany was divided into nineteen military districts. At the start of the war, there were only fifteen:

• I - Königsberg
  • (East Prussia; Memel; and Bialystok))
    • Königsberg
      • Tilsit; Gumbinnen; Treuburg; Bartenstein; Braunsberg; Allenstein; Sudauen;
    • Allenstein
      • Lötzen; Zichenau
• II - Stettin
  • (Mecklenburg and Pomerania)
    • Köslin
      • Stolp; Kolberg; Neustettin; Deutsch Krone; Woldenburg/Neumark
    • Stettin;
      • Swinemünde; Preußisch Stargard; Greifswald; Stralsund
• III - Berlin
  • (Brandenburg and part of Neumark)
• IV - Dresden
  • (Saxony; Thuringia; and northern Bohemia)
• V - Stuttgart
  • (Württemberg; part of Baden; and Alsace)
• VI - Münster
  • (Westphalia; Rhineland; and the Eupen-Malmedy district of Belgium)
• VII - Munich
  • (Southern Bavaria)
• VIII - Breslau
  • Silesia; the Sudetenland districts of Bohemia and Moravia; and southwest Poland
• IX - Kassel, included parts of Thuringia and Hesse. The Commander was General der Infanterie Schellert over three Bereich Hauptsitze:
  • Kassel (nine Unterregion-Hauptsitze): Kassel I, Kassel II, Korbach, Marburg (Lahn), Hersfeld, Siegen, Wetzlar, Fulda, & Giessen.
  • Frankfurt am Main (six): Frankfurt am Main I, Frankfurt am Main II, Offenbach am Main, Aschaffenburg, Friedberg, &Hanau.
  • Weimar (nine): Weimar, Sangerhausen, Gera, Rudolstadt, Mulhausen (Thuringia), Erfurt, Eisenach, Gotha, & Meiningen.
• X - Hamburg
  • (Schleswig-Holstein; part of Hanover; and Danish Slesvig
• XI - Hanover
  • (Braunschweig; Anhalt, and Magdeburg)
• XII - Wiesbaden
  • (Eifel; Koblenz; Mannheim; Metz; the Palatinate; the Saar; Lorraine; Nancy; and Luxembourg)
• XIII - Nürnberg
  • (Northern Bavaria; western Bohemia; Regensburg; and Eger)
• XVII - Vienna
  • (Austria; southern Bohemia and southern Moravia)
• XVIII - Salzburg
  • (Styria; Carinthia; Tyrol; and southern Slovenia

Wehrkreis XX and XXI were established in Poland to control Danzig and Posen, which were a part of the German Empire before the First World War and were annexed into Germany after 1939.

• XX - Danzig
  • (Danzig Free State; Polish Corridor; Neustadt an der Dosse; Stargard in Pommern; Marienwerder; Graudenz; Bromberg and Thorn)
• XXI - Posen
  • (Posen; Lissa; Hohensalza; Leslau; Kalisch; and Litzmannstadt)

Two additional Wehrkreis were established after the invasion of Poland. These were Wehrkreis Böhmen-Mähren which covered the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia that was Czech areas not part of the Sudetenland and Wehrkreis General-Government which controlled the remainder of Poland.

It has been speculated that the missing Wehrkreis number—XIX—was intended for use inside Russia if Germany had been successful in completing the invasion and additional numbers would have been assigned to the named Wehrkreis at the end of the war.

In peace time, the Wehrkreis was the home to the Infantry Corps of the same number and all subordinate units of that Corps.

References

1. ^ B2 Ian V. Hogg ed., German Order of Battle 1944

Sources

• Hogg, Ian V., German Order of Battle 1944: The regiments, formations and units of the German ground forces, Arms and Armour Press, London, 1975

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_district_(Germany)”
Categories: Military units and formations of GermanyHidden categories: Articles containing German language text

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Scouts’ Own

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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page.

Australian Scouts attend Scouts’ Own, an informal, spiritual Scouting ceremony

Scouts’ Own or Guides’ Own is an inspirational, informal ceremony held as part of Scouting or Guiding activities.

A Scouts’ Own service is usually short, often lasting no longer than 15 minutes. They are made up of a mixture of readings, prayers, reflections and music. Many Scouts’ Owns are based on a particular theme, such as friendship, using resources wisely, or fairness. This might be connected to a certain event or occasion.

A Scouts’ Own is not a replacement for an individual’s own worship according to their faith.

History

H. Geoffrey Elwes established the idea of Scouts’ Own. They were first introduced in 1909 at the Crystal Palace Rally and were originally meant to be simple interdenominational religious celebrations.

Robert Baden-Powell expanded on the idea and in 1928 described it as

For an open Troop, or for Troops in camp, I think the Scouts’ Own should be open to all denominations, and carried on in such a manner as to offend none. There should not be any special form, but it should abound in the right spirit, and should be conducted not from any ecclesiastical point of view, but from that of the boy. Everything likely to make an artificial atmosphere should be avoided. We do not want a kind of imposed Church parade, but a voluntary uplifting of their hearts by the boys in thanksgiving for the joys of life, and a desire on their part to seek inspiration and strength for greater love and service for others.

A Scouts’ Own should have as big an effect on the boys as any service in church, if in conducting the Scouts’ Own we remember that boys are not grown men, and if we go by the pace of the youngest and most uneducated of those present. Boredom is not reverence, nor will it breed religion.

To interest the boys, the Scout’s Own must be a cheery and varied function. Short hymns (three verses are as a rule quite enough-never four); understandable prayers; a good address from a man who really understands boys (a homily “talk” rather than an address), which grips the boys, and in which they may laugh or applaud as the spirit moves them, so that they take a real interest in what is said. If a man cannot make his point to keen boys in ten minutes he ought to be shot! If he has not got them keen, it would be better not to hold a Scouts’ Own at all.

Individual organizations

The Boy Scouts of America no longer officially uses the term Scouts’ Own, preferring “outdoor worship service” or “interfaith worship service.”

See also

Scouting portal

• “For Scouts’ Own”
• “What is a Scouts’ Own”

References

1. ^ scoutbase.org.uk “Scouts Own”. http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/ps/fab/scoutsown.htm scoutbase.org.uk. Retrieved 2008-06-24. 
2. ^ “Guides Own”. http://www.guidingworks.com/resources/guidesown.html. Retrieved 2008-06-24. 
3. ^ “A Scouts’ Own Resources”. http://members.tripod.com/Troop813/adobe/reverent/sctsown.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-24. 
4. ^ “Language of Scouting”. Boy Scouts of America. http://www.scouting.org/identity/los/los.jsp?typ=los&how=alfa&wat=S. Retrieved 2008-01-15. 

This Scouting or Guiding article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouts%27_Own”
Categories: Scouting stubsHidden categories: Articles with limited geographic scope

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Cristelo

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Cristelo may refer to:

• Cristelo (Barcelos), a parish in the municipality of Barcelos, Portugal
• Cristelo (Caminha), a parish in the municipality of Caminha, Portugal
• Cristelo (Paredes), a parish in the municipality of Paredes, Portugal
• Cristelo (Paredes de Coura), a parish in the municipality of Paredes de Coura, Portugal

This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristelo”
Categories: Place name disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages

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Breese

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Breese can refer to:

People

• Dave Breese, evangelist
• Gareth Breese, cricketer
• Kidder Breese, naval officer
• Samuel Livingston Breese, rear-admiral
• Sidney Breese, politician

Places

• Breese, Illinois, a city in Clinton County
• Breese, Germany, in Brandenburg

See also

• USS Breese (DD-122), destroyer

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breese”
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