Dean Roll (born January 28, 1975) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Shark Boy. He has been wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling since 2002.

Early career

Roll began training under Les Thatcher in October 1995 at the age of twenty. He debuted on May 3, 1997 in Thatcher’s Heartland Wrestling Association, wrestling as the masked El Piranha. An HWA mainstay, Roll also occasionally portrayed the character of Dean Baldwin, the purported fifth, lesser known Baldwin brother.

Later that year, Roll (Shark Boy) debuted in the Independent Wrestling Association, where he developed the cartoonish character Shark Boy, partly inspired by the 1995 song “I Come From the Water” by the Toadies. In 1999, Roll trademarked the name “Shark Boy”. In 1998, Shark Boy received a flurry of media attention. He was featured on ABC in an episode of 20/20 featuring professional wrestling, on the Discovery Channel as part of the annual Shark Week and on a documentary produced by MTV entitled True Life: I’m a Professional Wrestler.

On May 19, 1999, Shark Boy wrestled at the second annual Brian Pillman Memorial Show, defeating Matt Stryker, Tarek the Great and Chip Fairway in a tournament and receiving a trophy. Following the match, numerous World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation wrestlers, including Al Snow, Mankind and D’Lo Brown, entered the ring and lifted Shark Boy onto their shoulders. Shark Boy also wrestled at the 1998, 2000 and 2001 Brian Pillman Memorial Shows. As a result of the exposure gained by his appearances on television and at the Brian Pillman Memorial Shows, coupled with his “cult” following, Shark Boy was signed to a contract by World Championship Wrestling in 1999. He made several appearances on WCW Saturday Night on WTBS before being released six months later in early 2000.

World Wrestling All Stars (2002)

In February 2002 Shark Boy competed for the WWA at their Revolution PPV in Las Vegas. He fought in the opening contest, a 6-Man Cruiserweight survival match. Also in the match were AJ Styles, Christopher Daniels, Low Ki, Tony Maramaluke and Nova. He was eliminated first in the match, which was won by Nova.

In November 2002, Shark Boy toured Europe with the World Wrestling All-Stars promotion. At the Retribution pay-per-view on December 6, 2002, Shark Boy defeated Frankie Kazarian. During this same time from 2002 till its closing, Shark Boy joined and toured with XPW where he had memorable bouts with Kaos, Tracy Smothers, Juventud Guerrera, and Jerry Lynn.

On March 7, 2004, Shark Boy opened a professional wrestling school named The Shark Tank in Ohio. His most notable trainees are Dustin Thomas, Tom Bellman, Darrell Hazel, Jerrod West, Todd Mullins, Ed Gonzales, Donny Redd, Scary Garry, Jake Omen, and Tony X.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002– )

Shark Boy debuted in 2002 and spray painted by Team Pacman. He continued wrestling for the company but was used mostly as a jobber in the X division. In 2008 he returned to TNA after a brief hiatus from a kayfabe coma suffered from multiple ambushes, and tweaked his Shark Boy gimmick into that of a Stone Cold Steve Austin parody, even going as far as to drink “Clam Juice” (a reference to Austin’s infamous beer drinking) in the ring after his matches. Upon his gimmick change, he would occasionally team up with Curry Man to form a comedic tag team that was a moderate success. After this gimmick change he started to talk, something he had not been heard to do before.

Shark Boy took part in TNA’s TerrorDome match on May 10, but it was won by Kaz. Because of that TerrorDome match, Shark Boy was injured, he returned backstage on the July 17th Episode of Impact with Curry Man and Super Eric as part of a Justice League knock off, called The Prince Justice Brotherhood, where he got whipped by Beer Money Inc. during a backstage segment. He appeared again with the Brotherhood on the July 24 episode of Impact!. Roll returned on the February 5th edition of iMPACT, only to lose to the debuting Brutus Magnus in a squash match.

Miramax lawsuit

On June 8, 2005, Roll filed a lawsuit against Miramax Films, claiming that the Miramax release “The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D” infringed upon his trademark and demanding any “money, profits and advantages wrongfully gained”. In November 2005, it emerged that Miramax had attempted to have the case dismissed, in addition to requesting that the court nullify Roll’s trademark on the basis that “Plaintiff is a male whose services are rendered only when he is wearing a costume depicting ’shark-like’ attributes.” In April 2007, the suit was settled for an undisclosed amount.

Personal life

Roll is married and has one son. Roll will be attending the WWE Hall Of Fame 2009 in Houston, Texas night before Wrestlemania 25 to see his all time favorite wrestler Stone Cold be inducted.

Roll lost most of his possessions in a house fire in February 09.

In wrestling

• Finishing and signature moves
• As “Stone Cold” Shark Boy
  • Chummer (Sitout three–quarter facelock jawbreaker)
  • Lou Thesz press followed by multiple punches
  • Pointed elbow drop with fin gesture
  • Repeated stomps against a cornered opponent, followed by a fin gesture to the opponent and finished with a final stomp

• As Shark Boy
  • DSD – Dead Sea Drop / Deep Sea Drop (Diving somersault three–quarter facelock jawbreaker)
  • Shark–canrana (Somersault hurricanrana pin)
  • Facebuster, sometimes onto the knee
  • Hangman’s neckbreaker
  • Knee lift
  • Missile dropkick
  • Slingshot crossbody
  • Sunset flip powerbomb to an opponent holding another wrestler in superplex position, causing them to complete the superplex

• Managers
  • Shark Girl

• Entrance themes
  • Eat Me by Dale Oliver
  • “I Won’t Do What You Tell Me (remixed with Eat Me in the background)” by Dale Oliver

• Signature taunts
  • Holds his hand vertically, fingers and thumb together and pointing up, and holds his hand to his forehead, symbolizing a shark fin whilst shaking his hand.
  • Stone Cold Salute (Sticking up a shark fin gesture, instead of a middle finger to the audience

Championships and accomplishments

• Atlantic Pro Wrestling

• APW Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

• Buckeye Pro Wrestling

• Heavyweight Championship (2 times, current)
• BPW Team Championship (2 times) – with Cody Hawk

• Eastern Pro Wrestling

• EPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocco Abruzzi

• Hardkore Championship Wrestling

• HCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
• HCW Incredible 8 Tournament Winner (1 time)

• Heartland Wrestling Association

• HWA Cruiserweight Championship (4 times)
• HWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South

• IWA Mid-South Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
• IWA Mid-South Television Championship (1 time)

• Main Event World League

• MEWL Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

• Mid-West Wrestling Connection

• MWWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• NWA East

• NWA East Television Championship (1 time)

• New Breed Wrestling Association

• NBWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• New Era Pro Wrestling

• NEPW Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

• Other titles

• MWA Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
• PCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
• RAW Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
• WPL Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

• Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
  • Worst Worked Match of the Year (2006) TNA Reverse Battle Royal at Bound for Glory

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} “Shark Boy Profile”. Online World of Wrestling. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/s/shark-boy.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-28. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Valente, M. (October 5, 2003). “Shark Boy interview”. Wrestling Observer. http://www.wrestlingobserver.com/wo/news/headlines/default.asp?aID=8608. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Milner, J.. “Sharkboy”. Canadian Online Explorer. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/sharkboy.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} “Interview mit dem Shark Boy”. GenickBruch.com. October 1, 2003. http://www.genickbruch.com/interviews/sharkboy_eng.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Kaufman, G. (June 8, 2005). “Wrestler Shark Boy Wants To Put The Smackdown On New Flick”. MTV.com. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1503739/06082005/story.jhtml. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Madigan, T. (August 13, 2005). “Shark attack”. Calgary Sun. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2005/08/13/1171625.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Steven, A.. “Shark Boy Speaks With TNAHeadlines.com”. TNAHeadlines.com. http://www.tnaheadlines.com/article.php?page=159917727. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Hickey, P.. “Shark Boy Bites His Way To The Top”. http://patrickhickeyjr.tripod.com/sharkboyinterview.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
9. ^ Madigan, T. (August 16, 2005). “Everybody wants to know”. Calgary Sun. http://www.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2005/08/16/1175491.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
10. ^ Farrell, E. (April 23, 2007). “Shark Boy Lawsuit Settlement”. Warned.net. http://www.warned.net/WrestlingNewsAndNotes042307.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
11. ^ “Meet the REAL Shark Boy: An Interview With Dean Roll”. EFILMCRITC.com, by David Cornelius. 2005-06-25. http://EFILMCRITIC.com/feature.php?feature=1531. Retrieved on 2008-09-21. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Abreu, D. (September 18, 2003). “TNA: Caskets, blood, Canadians, Vampiro”. Canadian Online Explorer. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2003/09/18/196209.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. 
13. ^ “Shark Boy”. TNAWrestling.com. http://www.tnawrestling.com/roster/sharkboy/index.html. Retrieved on June 29 2007. 
14. ^ Droste, R. (February 4, 2005). “TNA Impact TV report”. WrestlingObserver.com. http://www.wrestlingobserver.com/wo/news/features/default.asp?aID=12406. Retrieved on June 18 2007. “…Shark Boy with a face buster.” 
15. ^ Droste, R. (February 4, 2005). “TNA Impact TV report”. WrestlingObserver.com. http://www.wrestlingobserver.com/wo/news/features/default.asp?aID=12406. Retrieved on June 18 2007. “Shark Boy counters the Canadian Destroyer into a neck breaker.” 
16. ^ Droste, R. (September 4, 2005). “TNA Impact TV report”. WrestlingObserver.com. http://www.wrestlingobserver.com/wo/news/features/default.asp?aID=14149. Retrieved on June 18 2007. “…Shark Boy with a hangman’s noose neckbreaker.” 
17. ^ Droste, R. (August 11, 2005). “TNA Impact TV report for the 8-12 TV show”. WrestlingObserver.com. http://www.wrestlingobserver.com/wo/news/features/default.asp?aID=13932. Retrieved on June 18 2007. “Shark Boy then goes up to the top turnbuckle, leaps and takes out Bently (sic) with a missile dropkick.” 
18. ^ ^{a b} “Independent Wrestling Results - April 2004″. onlineworldofwrestling.com. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/other/2004-04.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-04. 
19. ^ “Buckeye Pro Wrestling Title Histories”. titlehistories.com. http://www.titlehistories.com/Buckeye_Pro_Wrestling.htm. Retrieved on 2008-07-11. 

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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from other articles related to it. (February 2009)

Perilipin, also known as PLIN, is a human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene coats lipid storage droplets in adipocytes, thereby protecting them until they can be broken down by hormone-sensitive lipase. The encoded protein is the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes and, when unphosphorylated, may play a role in the inhibition of lipolysis.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} “Entrez Gene: PLIN perilipin”. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5346. 

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Villeneuve Leopards, translated from Léopards d’Aquitaine and sometimes known as Union Sportive Villeneuve, are a French rugby league club from the town of Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the département of Lot-et-Garonne. They play in the Elite One Championship.

History

Sport Athlétique Villeneuvois.13 (SAV.13) was founded during the last two weeks of May 1934. The majority of the Villeneuve rugby union team and members (CAV.15, led by French rugby union international Jean Galia switched to rugby league.

SAV.13 were the first to club to become a member of the Ligue Française de Rugby à 13 (LFR.13) on June 2, 1934. Villeneuve remain as the oldest rugby league club in France. SAV.13 became the first French side to tour England in September 1934.

Villeneuve won the inaugural French Rugby League Championship in the 1934-35 season. Having lost the 1936 Lord Derby Cup final they made amends in 1937 by defeating XIII Catalan.

Due to the banning of rugby league by the Vichy regime in 1940 SAV.13 switched to rugby union and were renamed Union Sportive Villeneuve.15 (USV.15). Towards the end of the Second World War the LFR.13 was re-established and rugby league returned to Villeneuve under the name USV.13.

Villeneuve became national champions again in 1959, 1964 and twice more in the early 1980’s. They also lifted the Lord Derby Cup in 1958, 1964, 1979 and 1984. In 1998, USV.13 added the nickname “Les léopards d’Aquitaine”.

Villeneuve experienced a glorious era from 1996 to 2003, appearing in every Grand Final except one. They won five championships in eight years culminating in their 31-18 victory over St.Gaudens in 2003. Villeneuve played in four Lord Derby Cup finals in this period and won every one. During this period they also became the first French club to reach the quarter-finals of the prestigious Rugby League Challenge Cup on 11 March 2001.

In 2005, USV.13 went bankrupt and a new club was formed named Villeneuve.13 Rugby League (V.13-RL). The Léopards made history in 2005 when they signed the Russian international halfback, Ouchillikos Novel. He was signed after an impressive performance in the defeat to France in the 2005 European Nations Cup.

Honours

Champion of France

• Max Rousié Trophy (Champions) : 1935, 1959, 1964, 1980, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003.
• Vice-champion (Runners-Up  : 1938, 1939, 1962, 1965, 1974, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1997, 1998.

• • Junior (1st class) trophy, : 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1946, 1960, 1980, 1989, 1990 and junior (top 1st class i.e. espoir) trophy: 1999, 2000, 2001.

Cup of France

• Trophy Lord Derby, (Winners : 1937, 1958, 1964, 1979, 1984, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003.
• Finalist  : 1936, 1938, 1953, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1972.

• • Junior (1st class) trophy Rosemblat after L. Nitard, holder : 1960, 1961, 1977, 1978, 1989, 1990.

European Club Cup

Holder : 1996 (Trophy Jack Wilson), 1998, 1999.

International Players

French or assimilated

- SAV.13 :

- USV.13 :

- V XIII RL :

Foreigners

• USV.13 :
  • Mark Bourneville (New Zealand)
  • Paul Sironen (Australia)
  • Shaun Austerfield (England),
  • Grant Doorey (Australia)

Note

Maurice Brunetaud and Henri Durand are members of the very small group of French rugby players who were Internationals before and after WWII and Rugby League’s banishment by Vichy (Oct. 1940 to Sept.1944).

Coaches

Presidents

Famous players, coaches, presidents

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Rome Metro Line A
•	Battistini
•	Cornelia
•	Baldo degli Ubaldi
•	Valle Aurelia ›
•	Cipro
•	Ottaviano - San Pietro - Musei Vaticani
•	Lepanto
•	Flaminio   Piazza del Popolo ›
•	Spagna
•	Barberini   Fontana di Trevi
•	Repubblica   Teatro dell’Opera
•	Termini ›
•	Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II
•	Manzoni
•	San Giovanni
•	Re di Roma
•	Ponte Lungo ›
•	Furio Camillo
•	Colli Albani
•	Arco di Travertino
•	Porta Furba
•	Numidio Quadrato
•	Lucio Sestio
•	Giulio Agricola
•	Subaugusta
•	Cinecittà
•	Anagnina

Lepanto is an underground station on Line A of the Rome Metro, which is an underground mass transit system. The station was inaugurated in 1980, and is at the junction of viale Giulio Cesare with via Lepanto and via Marcantonio Colonna, in Prati.

The offices of the Civil Court of Rome are in via Lepanto.

Services

This station has:

• Ticket office

Located nearby

• Rione Prati
  • Piazza Cavour
  • Piazza Cola di Rienzo
  • Piazza dei Quiriti
  • Teatro Adriano
  • Palazzo di Giustizia
• quartiere Della Vittoria
  • Palazzo RAI di viale Mazzini
  • Chiesa di Cristo Re
  • Museo del Mamiani

On Quick Weight Loss

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James Frederick Saunders (born June 13th, 1951) is a retired American professional basketball player. He is currently a physical education teacher and basketball coach at Franklin Heights High School.

Collegiate career

Fred Saunders began his collegiate career at University of Louisiana at Lafayette in 1970; in his three years there, he averaged 6.5 points per game. Saunders transferred to Syracuse University for his senior year. At Syracuse University, Saunders averaged 9.8 points per game as a power forward for the Orangemen. The Orangemen finished the season with a record of 17-9 and went on to the NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Championship tournament. At Syracuse, he acquired the nickname “Chocolate Thunder” due to his unique skyhook. Collegiate Stats

NBA

Saunders was drafted in the 2nd round of the 1974 National Basketball Association Draft (31st Overall) by the Phoenix Suns; he played power forward for the for the Phoenix Suns and the Boston Celtics during the 1970s. NBA Stats

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Blessed John Rochester, (c. 1498 – 1537), Catholic priest, Carthusian monk and martyr.

Early life and education

Born probably at Terling, Essex, England, about 1498, the third son of John Rochester, of Terling, and Grisold, daughter of Walter Writtle, of Bobbingworth. He was the younger brother of Sir Robert Rochester, a Knight of the Garter.

He appears to have studied at Cambridge University. He entered the London Charterhouse, where he was a choir monk.

Church versus State

He resolutely rejected the affirmation of the royal supremacy in matters ecclesiastical. The government was at first anxious to secure the public acquiescence of the monks of the London Charterhouse in this matter, since for the austerity and sincerity of their mode of life they enjoyed great prestige. Having failed in this, the only alternative was to annihilate the resistance since a refusal engaged the prestige of the monks in the opposite sense. On May 4, 1535 the authorities sent to their death at Tyburn Tree three leading English Carthusians, John Houghton, prior of the London house, Robert Lawrence and Augustine Webster, respectively priors of Beauvale and Axholme.

Executions

Little more than a month later, it was the turn of three leading monks of the London house: Humphrey Middlemore, William Exmew and Sebastian Newdigate, who were to die at Tyburn Tree on June 19. This process of attrition was to claim as its victims no less than fifteen of the London Carthusians. The next move was to seize four more monks of community, two being taken to the Carthusian house at Beauvale in Nottinghamshire, while Dom John Rochester and Dom James Walworth were taken to the Charterhouse of St Michael at Hull in Yorkshire.

Pilgrimage of Grace

That autumn, the government had just succeeded in putting down a rising in Lincolnshire, when on October 13, 1536, the far more serious Pilgrimage of Grace broke out, mustering an enormous multitude of adherents, perhaps as many as 40,000. This time, having dealt with the problem, the government went into a panic, desperate to stamp out any centres of resistance. Since one of the flashpoints had been the Northern capital of York, it was necessary for the government to mount a lesson in the city.

The two London monks were brought from Hull to York and brought before the Lord President of the North, the Duke of Norfolk, on trumped up treason charges. Condemned to death, they provided the desired menacing spectacle for the city when on May 11, 1537 both were hanged in chains from the city battlements until dead.

In all the horrendous experience, from arrest to death the two monks were inseparable companions in the same fate. They were both beatified by Pope Leo XIII.

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Alonzo Barton Hepburn

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Alonzo Barton Hepburn (July 24, 1846–January 25, 1922) was born in Colton, St. Lawrence County, New York. A descendant of a Scottish emigrant to the United States in the colonial era of the eighteenth century, he was a Professor of Mathematics at St. Lawrence Academy, before practicing law in his hometown.

After work as a lawyer he served in the New York State Assembly from 1875-1880, becoming chairman of the Legislative Committee to Investigate Railroad State Discrimination. The final report of this committee, commonly called the Hepburn Report, influenced future legislation which helped with the adoption of the federal Interstate Commerce Act in 1887.

Hepburn later was appointed as superintendent of the New York State Banking Department by Governor Alonzo B. Cornell. He then served as National Bank Examiner for the cities of New York and Brooklyn before his appointment as Comptroller of the Currency by President Benjamin Harrison.

After leaving the office of Comptroller he worked in the field of banking, becoming the president of the Third National Bank of New York then the Vice-President of the National City Bank in 1897 when the Third National Bank merged with other banks to form that company. He then became the President of the Chase National Bank.

In 1906 he was given an honorary degree by St. Lawrence University.

Somewhat of a philanthropist, Hepburn donated funds to allow for the construction of a library for each school he served as a District Superintendent.

A prolific writer on the economy and financial matters, he wrote the books “History of Coinage and Currency in the United States: Perennial Contest for Sound Money” (1903), “A History of Currency in the United States” (1915), and “Artificial Waterways and Commercial Development”. He also regularly contributed to magazines and periodicals.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonzo_Barton_Hepburn”
Categories: 1846 births | 1922 deaths | People from St. Lawrence County, New York | American bankers | Members of the New York Assembly | United States Comptrollers of the Currency

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Position	Centre
Shoots	Right
Height Weight	5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb)
Pro clubs	Buffalo Sabres Tampa Bay Lightning Pittsburgh Penguins Columbus Blue Jackets
Nationality	United States
Born	October 10, 1972 (1972-10-10) (age 36), Parma, OH, U.S.
NHL Draft	124th overall, 1991 Buffalo Sabres
Pro career	1995 – 2004

Brian Holzinger (born October 10, 1972, in Parma, Ohio, U.S.) is a retired American professional ice hockey centre. He was drafted in the sixth round, 124th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft.

Holzinger played High School Hockey at Padua Franciscan High School in Parma, Ohio and four years of college hockey at Bowling Green State University, and was the recipient of the Hobey Baker Award for top men’s collegiate hockey player during his senior season. He made his National Hockey League debut with the Sabres during the 1994–95 season, appearing in four regular season games and four playoff games (scoring two goals during the Sabres’ playoff series against the Philadelphia Flyers). After four and a half seasons with the Sabres, he was traded at the trade deadline of the 1999–2000 season (along with Cory Sarich and Wayne Primeau) to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Chris Gratton and a second-round draft pick.

At the trade deadline of the 2002–03 season, Holzinger was traded again, this time to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marc Bergevin. In the 2003–04 season, once again at the trade deadline, the Penguins traded Holzinger to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Lasse Pirjeta.

In his NHL career, Holzinger appeared in 547 regular season games. He scored 93 goals and added 145 assists. In 52 Stanley Cup playoff games, he scored 11 goals and 18 assists.

Awards

• Hobey Baker Award (top player in NCAA): 1994–1995 season

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (September 2007)

Exec Shield is a project started at Red Hat, Inc in late 2002 with the aim of reducing the risk of worm or other automated remote attacks on Linux systems. The first result of the project was a security patch for the Linux kernel that emulates an NX bit on x86 CPUs that lack a native NX implementation in hardware. While the Exec Shield project has had many other components, some people refer to this first patch as Exec Shield.

The first Exec Shield patch attempts to flag data memory as non-executable and program memory as non-writeable. This suppresses many security exploits, such as those stemming from buffer overflows and other techniques relying on overwriting data and inserting code into those structures. Exec Shield also supplies some address space layout randomization for the mmap() and heap base.

The patch additionally increases the difficulty of inserting and executing shellcode, rendering most exploits ineffective. No application recompilation is necessary to fully utilize exec-shield, although some applications (Mono, Wine, XEmacs, Mplayer) are not fully compatible.

Other features that came out of the Exec Shield project were the so-called Position Independent Executables (PIE), the address space randomization patch for Linux kernels, a wide set of glibc internal security checks that make heap and format string exploits near impossible, the GCC Fortify Source feature, and the port and merge of the GCC stack-protector feature.

Implementation

Exec Shield works on all x86 CPUs utilizing the Code Segment limit. Because of the way Exec Shield works, it is very lightweight; however, it won’t fully protect arbitrary virtual memory layouts. If the CS limit is raised, for example by calling mprotect() to make higher memory executable, then the protections are lost below that limit. Ingo Molnar points this out in an e-mail conversation. Fortunately, most applications are fairly sane at this; the stack (the important part) at least winds up above any mapped libraries, so doesn’t become executable except by explicit calls by the application.

As of August, 2004, nothing from the Exec Shield projects attempt to enforce memory protections by restricting mprotect() on any architecture; although memory may not initially be executable, it may become executable later, so the kernel will allow an application to mark memory pages as both writable and executable at the same time. However, in cooperation with the Security Enhanced Linux project (SELinux), the standard policy for the Fedora Core distribution does prohibit this behavior for most executables, with only a few exceptions for compatibility reasons.

History

Exec Shield was developed by various people at Red Hat; the first patch was released by Ingo Molnar of Red Hat and first released in May 2003. It is part of Fedora Core 1 through 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (Update 3) and 4. Other people involved include Jakub Jelínek, Ulrich Drepper, Richard Henderson, Arjan van de Ven.

See also

Free software portal

• NX bit
• Openwall
• PaX
• StackGuard
• W^X

References

1. ^ “Fedora Core 1 Release Notes”. Red Hat, Inc.. 2003-11. Archived from the original on 2003-12-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20031202145058/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. 
2. ^ van de Ven, Arjan (2004-08). “New Security Enhancements in Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.3, update 3″ (PDF). Red Hat, Inc.. Archived from the original on 2005-05-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20050512030425/http://www.redhat.com/f/pdf/rhel/WHP0006US_Execshield.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. 

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Felisberto Hernandez (October 20, 1902-January 13, 1964) was an Uruguayan writer.

Background

Hernández was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. He was a talented self-taught pianist who earned a living playing in the silent-screen theaters and cafés of Uruguay.

Short stories

He is one of the greatest yet least known Latin American short-story writers.

What is interesting in Hernández’s fiction is the magic by-product of his anonymous first-person tales whose obsessive and deranged narrators have knocked down the wall between their minds and the empirical world and injected their obsessions into everyday life. He often used the events surrounding him as fodder for his fiction.

He is considered to be the forefather of fabulism, predating writers such as Gabriel García Márquez, Italo Calvino and Julio Cortázar, who all note Hernández as a major influence.

His fiction often attempts to exploit the secret vitality contained in inanimate objects.

Some of his most famous stories are: “The Balcony,” “My First Concert,” and “Daisy Dolls“.

Selected works translated into English

• Piano Stories, translated by Luis Harss, Marsilio Publishers, 1993
• Lands of Memory, translated by Esther Allen, New Directions Press, 2002

External link

• Felisberto Hernandez

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