Coordinates: and other data for this location”>58°25?S26°23?W? / ?58.417°S 26.383°W? / -58.417; -26.383
NASA satellite photograph of Montagu Island
Captain Carl Anton Larsen
Montagu Island is the largest of the South Sandwich Islands, located in the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica.
The desolate, uninhabited island measures approximately 12 kilometres by 10, with over 90% of its surface permanently covered in ice. The volcano Mount Belinda is its most notable geographic feature, rising to 1370 metres above sea level. Mount Belinda was believed to be inactive prior to the sighting of low-level ash emission and suspected lava effusion in 2002 by the British Antarctic Survey.
The island was first sighted by James Cook in 1775, and named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich and the First Lord of the British Admiralty at the time of its discovery. The first recorded landing was made by Carl Anton Larsen in 1908.
In November 2005, satellite images revealed that an eruption of Mount Belinda had created a 90 metre wide molten river flowing to the northern shoreline of the island. The event has expanded the area of the island by 0.2 km², and provided some of the first scientific observations of volcanic eruptions taking place underneath an ice sheet.
Current imaging on Google Earth (as at 8th August 2009) shows the volcano to be active, with a noticeable plume and lava flow. The effects on the ice sheet are visible.
References
“Montagu Island”. Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1900-081. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
First recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano (Montagu Island), South Sandwich Islands, Bull Volcanol (2005) 67:415–422 (PDF)
LeMasurier, W. E.; Thomson, J. W. (eds.) (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union. pp. 512 pp. ISBN 0-87590-172-7.
Mills, William James (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 430 pp. ISBN 1-57607-422-6.
South Sandwich Islands
Location of Montagu Island
v•d•e
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
General
Coat of arms · Commissioner · Flag · Foreign relations · History · Languages · List of South Georgians · Operation Paraquet · South Georgia Museum · .gs · Sovereignty · Invasion of South Georgia
Settlements and whaling stations
Grytviken (King Edward Point) · Godthul · Husvik · Leith Harbour · Ocean Harbour · Prince Olav Harbour · Rosita Harbour · Stromness ·
South Georgia Islands
Annenkov Island · Bird Island · Clerke Rocks · Cooper Island · Grass Island · Kupriyanov Islands · Pickersgill Islands · Saddle Island · Shag Rocks · South Georgia · Welcome Islands · Willis Islands
Allardyce Range · Corbeta Uruguay · Fortuna Glacier · Gold Harbour · Larsen Harbour · Mount Belinda · Mount Paget · Peggotty Bluff · Salisbury Plain · Salvesen Range · Southern Thule · Thatcher Peninsula
This South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagu_Island”
Categories: Islands in the South Sandwich Islands | Volcanoes of the Atlantic Ocean | Volcanoes of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Uninhabited islands | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands geography stubs
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
???????
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
?Norsk (bokmål)?
Português
Simple English
This page was last modified on 14 October 2009 at 02:42.
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)
Human rights in Greece are observed by various organizations. The country is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the United Nations Convention Against Torture. The Greek constitution also guarantees fundamental human rights to all Greek citizens.
Contents
1Amnesty International
2US State Department
3International rankings
4See also
5References
6External links
Amnesty International
According to Amnesty International’s 2007 report on Greece, there are problems in the following areas:
Treatment of migrants and refugees.
Treatment of conscientious objectors to military service.
The report also highlights cases involving arbitrary arrests in the context of the ‘war on terror’ and Greece’s conviction by the European Court of Human Rights for violating Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights by convicting an unofficial mufti of the for ‘usurping the function of a minister of a “known religion”‘.
US State Department
The US Department of State’s 2007 report on human rights in Greece identified the following issues:
Cases of abuse by security forces, particularly of illegal immigrants and Roma.
Harsh conditions in some prisons.
Detention of undocumented migrants in squalid conditions.
Restrictions and administrative obstacles faced by members of non?Orthodox religions.
Detention and deportation of unaccompanied or separated immigrant minors, including asylum seekers.
Limits on the ability of ethnic minority groups to self-identify, and discrimination against and social exclusion of ethnic minorities, particularly Roma.
International rankings
Democracy Index, 2007: 22 out of 167
Worldwide Press Freedom Index, 2008: 31 out of 173.
Worldwide Privacy Index, 2006: 5 out of 26.
Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005: 22 out of 111.
^ ECHR, 13 July 2006, Agga v. Greece (n°3), 32186/02
^ http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html
^“Worldwide Quality of Life - 2005″. The Economist. www.economist.com. 2005. http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
External links
NCHR - National Committee for Human Rights
Human Rights Watch - Greece
Censorship in Greece - IFEX
United Nations Committee against Torture
European Council on Refugees and Exiles
Amnesty International Report for 2007
US Department of State: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2007: Greece
Adjara1·Adygea ·Akrotiri and Dhekelia ·Åland ·Azores ·Bashkortostan ·Chechnya ·Chuvashia ·Crimea ·Dagestan ·Faroe Islands ·Gagauzia ·Gibraltar ·Guernsey ·Ingushetia ·Jan Mayen ·Jersey ·Kabardino-Balkaria ·Kalmykia ·Karachay-Cherkessia ·Republic of Karelia ·Komi Republic ·Madeira ·Isle of Man ·Mari El ·Mordovia ·Nakhchivan1·North Ossetia-Alania ·Srpska Republic ·Svalbard ·Tatarstan ·Udmurtia ·Vojvodina
1 Geographically entirely in Asia, but nonetheless often considered European.2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions.3 Transcontinental country.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Greece”
Categories: Human rights by country | Greek law | Greek society | Human rights in GreeceHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from July 2009 | All articles needing additional references
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 7 February 2010 at 01:35.
PMS1 protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMS1 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its homology to a yeast protein involved in DNA mismatch repair. A role for this protein in mismatch repair has not been proven. However, the protein forms heterodimers with MLH1, a DNA mismatch repair protein, and some cases of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer have been found to have mutations in this gene.
References
^Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, Wei YF, Carter KC, Ruben SM, Rosen CA, Haseltine WA, Fleischmann RD, Fraser CM, et al. (Sep 1994). “Mutations of two PMS homologues in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer”. Nature371 (6492): 75-80. doi:10.1038/371075a0. PMID 8072530.
Kolodner R (1996). “Biochemistry and genetics of eukaryotic mismatch repair.”. Genes Dev.10 (12): 1433–42. doi:10.1101/gad.10.12.1433. PMID 8666228.
Horii A, Han HJ, Sasaki S, et al. (1994). “Cloning, characterization and chromosomal assignment of the human genes homologous to yeast PMS1, a member of mismatch repair genes.”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.204 (3): 1257–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2598. PMID 7980603.
Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Wei YF, et al. (1994). “Mutation of a mutL homolog in hereditary colon cancer.”. Science263 (5153): 1625–9. doi:10.1126/science.8128251. PMID 8128251.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). “Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery.”. Genome Res.6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Yanagisawa Y, Ito E, Iwahashi Y, et al. (1998). “Isolation and characterization of the 5′ region of the human mismatch repair gene hPMS1.”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.243 (3): 738–43. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8165. PMID 9500994.
Korabiowska M, Brinck U, Ruschenburg I, et al. (1999). “Expression of DNA mismatch repair genes in naevi.”. In Vivo13 (3): 251–4. PMID 10459502.
Wang Q, Lasset C, Desseigne F, et al. (1999). “Prevalence of germline mutations of hMLH1, hMSH2, hPMS1, hPMS2, and hMSH6 genes in 75 French kindreds with nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.”. Hum. Genet.105 (1-2): 79–85. doi:10.1007/s004390051067. PMID 10480359.
Matton N, Simonetti J, Williams K (2000). “Identification of mismatch repair protein complexes in HeLa nuclear extracts and their interaction with heteroduplex DNA.”. J. Biol. Chem.275 (23): 17808–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M909794199. PMID 10748159.
Alvarez Soria MA, Justesen J, Hansen LL (2000). “Assignment of the human postmeiotic segregation increased (S. cerevisiae) 1 (PMS1) to chromosome 2q31.1 by radiation hybrid mapping.”. Cytogenet. Cell Genet.88 (3-4): 200–1. doi:10.1159/000015546. PMID 10828585.
Kondo E, Horii A, Fukushige S (2001). “The interacting domains of three MutL heterodimers in man: hMLH1 interacts with 36 homologous amino acid residues within hMLH3, hPMS1 and hPMS2.”. Nucleic Acids Res.29 (8): 1695–702. doi:10.1093/nar/29.8.1695. PMID 11292842.
Plotz G, Raedle J, Brieger A, et al. (2002). “hMutSalpha forms an ATP-dependent complex with hMutLalpha and hMutLbeta on DNA.”. Nucleic Acids Res.30 (3): 711–8. doi:10.1093/nar/30.3.711. PMID 11809883.
Kotoula V, Hytiroglou P, Kaloutsi V, et al. (2003). “Mismatch repair gene expression in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders of B-cell origin.”. Leuk. Lymphoma43 (2): 393–9. doi:10.1080/10428190290006215. PMID 11999575.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). “Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
Plotz G, Raedle J, Brieger A, et al. (2003). “N-terminus of hMLH1 confers interaction of hMutLalpha and hMutLbeta with hMutSalpha.”. Nucleic Acids Res.31 (12): 3217–26. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg420. PMID 12799449.
Luo Y, Lin FT, Lin WC (2004). “ATM-mediated stabilization of hMutL DNA mismatch repair proteins augments p53 activation during DNA damage.”. Mol. Cell. Biol.24 (14): 6430–44. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.14.6430-6444.2004. PMID 15226443.
Okada T, Noji S, Goto Y, et al. (2005). “Immune responses to DNA mismatch repair enzymes hMSH2 and hPMS1 in patients with pancreatic cancer, dermatomyositis and polymyositis.”. Int. J. Cancer116 (6): 925–33. doi:10.1002/ijc.21118. PMID 15856462.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). “Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network.”. Nature437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
Cannavo E, Gerrits B, Marra G, et al. (2007). “Characterization of the interactome of the human MutL homologues MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2.”. J. Biol. Chem.282 (5): 2976–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.M609989200. PMID 17148452.
v•d•e
PDB Gallery
2cs1: Solution structure of the HMG domain of human DNA mismatch repair protein
This article on a gene on chromosome 2 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 19 October 2009 at 17:34.
(Redirected from World Youth Women’s Handball Championship)
Jump to: navigation, search
The Youth World Championship in team handball for women has been organized by the International Handball Federation since 2006.
Contents
1Tournaments
2Medal count
3Participating nations
4References
Tournaments
Year
Host Country
Gold medal game
Bronze medal game
Gold
Score
Silver
Bronze
Score
Fourth place
2006 Details
Canada
Denmark
36–33
South Korea
Romania
30–28
France
2008 Details
Slovakia
Russia
27–22
Serbia
Denmark
24–21
France
Medal count
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1
Denmark
1
0
1
2
2
Russia
1
0
0
1
3
Serbia
0
1
0
1
South Korea
0
1
0
1
5
Romania
0
0
1
1
Participating nations
Nation
2006
2008
Years
Angola
8th
1
Argentina
6th
11th
2
Brazil
9th
10th
2
Canada
10th
1
Denmark
1st
3rd
2
France
4th
4th
2
Hong Kong
15th
1
Japan
7th
13th
2
Netherlands
9th
1
Puerto Rico
14th
1
Qatar
16th
1
Romania
3rd
1
Russia
1st
1
Serbia
2nd
1
Slovakia
7th
1
Slovenia
5th
1
South Korea
2nd
6th
2
Spain
5th
1
Thailand
8th
1
Tunisia
11th
12th
2
Nations
11
16
References
ihf.info
v•d•e
International Handball
IHF · World Championship (men) (women) · Junior World Championship (men) (women) · Youth World Championship (men) (women) · Olympics · Asian Games · Pan American Games · World Rankings · Player of the Year · Teams
Asia
AHF – Asian Championship (men) (women)
Africa
CAHB – African Championship
Pan America
PATHF – American Championship
Oceania
OHF – Nations Cup
Europe
EHF – European Championship (men) (women)
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Youth_World_Handball_Championship”
Categories: Handball competitions | Women’s handball
This page was last modified on 22 July 2009 at 10:03.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply.
See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
William Pole (22 April 1814 in Birmingham – 30 December 1900) was an English engineer.
He was a man of many accomplishments. Having spent his earlier years in various engineering occupations in England, he went out to India in 1844 as professor of engineering at Elphinstone College, Bombay, where he had to first organize the course of instruction for native students, but his health obliged him to return to England in 5848. For the next ten years he worked in London under James Simpson and James Meadows Rendel, and the high reputation he achieved as a scientific engineer gained his appointment in 1859 to the chair of civil engineering in University College, London. He obtained a considerable amount of official work from the government. He served on the committees which considered the application of armour to ships and fortifications (1861-1864), and the comparative advantages of Whitworth and Armstrong guns (1863-1865).
He was secretary to the Royal Commission on Railways (1865-1867), the Duke of Richmond’s Commission on London Water (1867-1869), also taking part in the subsequent proceedings for establishing a constant supply, the Royal Commission on the Disposal of London Sewage (1882-1884), and the departmental committee on the science museums at South Kensington in 1885. In 1871 he was employed by the War Office to report on the Martini-Henry rifle, and in the same year was appointed consulting engineer in London to the Japanese government, a position through which he exercised considerable influence on the development of the Japanese railway system. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1861, in recognition of some investigations on color-blindness.
Music was also one of his chief interests. At the age of twenty-two he was appointed organist of St Marks, North Audley Street, in open competition, the next selected candidate being Dr E. J. Hopkins (1818-1901), who subsequently was for fifty years organist of the Temple Church. He took the degree of Bachelor of Music at Oxford in 1860, proceeding to his doctors degree in 1867, and in 1879 published his Philosophy of Music. He was largely concerned in the institution of musical degrees by the University of London in 1877, and for many years acted as one of the examiners. His mathematical tastes found congenial occupation in the study of whist, and as an exponent of the scientific principles of that game he was even earlier in the field than Cavendish. His literary work included treatises on the steam engine and on iron construction, biographical studies of famous engineers, including Robert Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Sir William Fairbairn and Sir William Siemens, several books on musical subjects and on whist, and many papers for reviews and scientific periodicals.
His son, William Pole (born 1852), became known as an actor and writer under the stage-name of William Poel, more especially for his studies in Shakespearian drama and his work in connection with the Elizabethan Stage Society.
References
Wikisource has original works written by or about: William Pole
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 31 January 2010 at 02:30.
State Route 138 is a highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway is an east–west route that begins at the junction of S.R. 92 just north of Fairburn and ends at U.S. 78/S.R. 10 near Monroe. It totals approximately 66 miles (106 km) in length. The state route travels through the cities of Union City, Riverdale, Jonesboro, Stockbridge, Conyers, Walnut Grove and Monroe.
This U.S. state of Georgia road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_138″
Categories: State highways in Georgia (U.S. state) | Georgia (U.S. state) road stubs
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 4 January 2010 at 01:27.
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
Punk Sucks is a California punk rock compilation album, released by Southern California-based Liberation Records in 1995.
Track listing
Pennywise - “Slowdown”
No Use for a Name - “Soulmate”
Ten Foot Pole - “Racer X”
Sublime - “All You Need”
Home Grown - “Face in the Crowd”
Voodoo Glow Skulls - “Descendent’s Song”
White Kaps - “Germs”
88 Fingers Louie - “Too Many”
Neighbors - “Sometimes”
H.F.L. - “Old School Pride”
Everready - “I Hate You”
Bollweevils - “New Dreams”
Unwritten Law - “C.P.K.”
Good Riddance - “Mother Superior”
Blink-182 - “M+M’s”
Strung Out - “Support Your Troops”
Naked Aggression - “Right Now”
Jughead’s Revenge - “49/61″
Funeral Oration - “Damn You”
Overlap - “Song #9″
The Bouncing Souls - “The Ballad Of Johnny X”
Boris the Sprinkler - “All My Time”
Glue Gun - “Skate The Haight”
Quincy Punx - “Cereal Killer”
Fed Up! - “Can’t Figure It”
Straight Faced - “Omit”
F.Y.P - “2000 A.D.”
Fighting Cause - “Bummers”
Supernovice - “Out On The Grass”
The Living End - “Deadbeat”
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_Sucks”
Categories: Compilation albums | Punk revival albums | 1995 albumsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 17 December 2009 at 13:43.
SSAWS in September 2003, shortly before demolition
SSAWS, pronounced “zaws” (????) and officially known as LaLaport Skidome SSAWS(???????????SSAWS?), was an indoor ski slope in Funabashi, Chiba, Japan. The name was an acronym of “Spring Summer Autumn Winter Snow”.
Constructed by Mitsui at a cost of US$400 million, the ski slope opened on July 15, 1993. With a structural height of 100 meters (translating to a skiable vertical drop of 80 m), a width of 100 m and a length of 500 m, it was the largest indoor ski slope in the world at the time. The complex had three ski courses—20.1° for skilled skiers, 15° for intermediate, and 10° for beginners — and two ski lifts.
The ski slope was designed to break even by 2018 by attracting 1.3 million visitors yearly, who would pay ¥4,300 (~US$50) for 2 hours of lift time and spend a total of $70 on average. However, the opening of the ski slope came shortly after the end of the Japanese asset price bubble, and original estimates soon proved too optimistic, with the number of visitors dropping from one million in the first year to 700,000 in the second. With an annual operating cost of US$40 million, SSAWS sustained losses averaging US$16.7 million/year.
SSAWS closed on September 30, 2002. In 2003, the structure was demolished to make way for Japan’s first large-format IKEA store, which opened on the site on April 24, 2006.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSAWS”
Categories: Indoor ski resorts | 1993 establishments | 2003 disestablishments | Ski areas and resorts in Japan
PlayStation Portable homebrew refers to the process of using exploits and hacks to execute unsigned code on the PlayStation Portable (PSP).
Contents
1History of homebrew
1.1Dark_AleX
2Motivation for homebrew
3References
History of homebrew
Soon after the PSP was released, hackers began to discover exploits in the PSP that could be used to run unsigned code on the device. Sony released version 1.51 of the PSP firmware in May 2005 to plug the holes that hackers were using to gain access to the device. On 15 June 2005 the hackers distributed the cracked code of the PSP on the internet. Hackers refused to apply updates which would render their hacks unusable so Sony attempted to convince users that there was a benefit to upgrading by including new features in the firmware updates, such as a web browser, and not just security patches to plug the vulnerabilities. BusinessWeek dubbed this the “carrot-and-stick” approach.
In August 2005 Sony released version 2.0 of the firmware which included the web browser, file compatibility updates and other features. Hackers and other homebrew enthusiasts then encountered the first trojan for the PSP. Symantec called this trojan “Trojan.PSPBrick”. Users attempting to downgrade their PSP using this software instead found that it was rendered inoperable as this software deleted important system files. Over the course of 2005 Sony released six different versions of the firmware and hackers typically responded to it by downgrading to avoid the new security updates.
In Mid-2006, after several months of problems in defeating the PSP’s firmware a file was posted online which allowed new PSPs running firmware version 2.6 to downgrade to 1.5 so they could then be hacked using older methods. This reportedly caused more buzz in the community than any recent official offerings for the device.
Dark_AleX
Two PSP-1002s running on 5.50 GEN-B.
One of the drawbacks of downgrading the PSP is that new official media may require the presence of a new firmware edition. Dark_AleX had released a custom firmware called “Dark Alex’s Open Edition firmware” or “Custom Firmware (CFW)” which opens the firmware but allows users to use the existing feature set of the current edition. Sony quickly patched the firmware again, continuing the cat-and-mouse game with the hackers and users. In 2006 Sony released six updates to the system firmware and in 2007 they released another six updates. In July 2007 Dark_AleX officially stopped his work on the PSP, citing perceived problems with Sony as one of the reasons for his departure. Some people even suggested that Dark_AleX was paid by Sony not to release any more custom firmware, but Sony denied this.
Other works by Dark Alex include a custom firmware known as “M33 custom firmware” (currently version 5.00 m33-6) for a while a Russian hacking team was said to be creating this firmware when 3.52 m33 was released on a Russian website after Dark_Alex ceased developing his OE custom firmware but it was revealed when they released custom firmware version 3.71 M33 they were Dark_Alex and some other developers working with him who have since been dubbed ‘Team m33,’ this sent shockwaves through the PSP Scene. Custom Firmware allows the running of unsigned code such as homebrew applications and UMD backups, emulators for other consoles, as well as PlayStation games when the disc images are converted into PSP format.
Motivation for homebrew
Hackers have stated that the motivation for unlocking the PSP has nothing to do with piracy, but allowing individuals full access to the products they’ve purchased and the freedom to do what they want with the item as well as the interest in exploring something unknown. Fanjita, a member of the hacker group “N00bz!”, stated,
“Everyone has the right to do what they want with their own hardware. Piracy does upset me, and because what we are doing opens the way to piracy it’s harder to justify it morally. But our stance on piracy is clear, and we hope to be role models. Sony have never been in touch with me, so I am confident that what we are doing is legal.”
Additional features added including the ability to emulate and play the ROMs of other consoles, play homebrew games, share music, print photos, watch videos from streaming sites such as YouTube, and run additional video formats originally unsupported by the device.
^ abcdKenji Hall (2005-12-01). “Attack of the Playstation Hackers”. BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051230_356459.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
^ ab“Playstation.com - Support - System Updates - psp”. http://www.us.playstation.com/support/systemupdates/psp/history.html.
^Robert McMillan (2005-10-08). “Trojan Trashes Playstation Portable”. PC World. http://www.pcworld.com/article/122915/trojan_trashes_playstation_portable.html. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
^Mike Musgrove (2006-06-06). “Routine Upgrades Are the Bane of ‘Homebrew’ Enthusiasts”. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/05/AR2006070501627.html. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
^ abPaul Rubens (2007-02-26). “Three hacker teams unlock the PSP”. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6397797.stm#chart. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
^Mike Musgrove (2005-07-12). “Tapping into Tinkering”. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/11/AR2005071101638_2.html. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_homebrew”
Categories: PlayStation Portable | Homebrew softwareHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009 | Video game cleanup
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
???
???
This page was last modified on 27 January 2010 at 01:03.
Voters in Sarasota, Florida voted to switch to instant runoff voting in November 2007.
Ballots
Florida came under pressure to reform its mechanical butterfly ballot system after that system was associated with a sufficient number of spoiled ballots to have decided the 2000 U.S. Presidential election. The card punchers in some cases became clogged with chads which prevented ballots from punching completely through, resulting in an undervote. They were largely replaced with touchscreen electronic voting machines.
Expansion of the electorate
Florida previously had rigorous felony disenfranchisement laws that denied approximately 400,000 people the privilege of voting In 2007, at the urging of Gov. Charlie Crist, the laws were relaxed, allowing hundreds of thousands of non-violent offenders to regain their voting rights after having served their prison terms.
All qualified voters are allowed to vote absentee under Florida law..
Allocation of electoral votes
In 2007, SB 2568 was introduced in the Florida Senate to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact and award Florida’s 27 electoral votes to the winner of the nationwide popular vote. The bill failed.
External links
Fairvote Florida.
References
^ Coming to a polling place near you: instant runoffs, Rick Barry, Pelican Press, January 12th 2007.
^ Florida Ex-Offenders Barred from Vote Decisive in Election, Human Rights Watch.
^ Restore My Vote
^ Absentee Voting, Florida Division of Elections.
This American elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
v•d•e
Electoral reform in the United States by political division
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_Florida”
Categories: United States election stubs | Electoral reform in the United States by state | Politics of Florida
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 23 August 2009 at 13:34.
S.R. 92 near Fairburn
U.S. 78/S.R. 10 near Monroe
SR 137
>
Media related to SSAWS at Wikimedia Commons
