html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”>
Overbury’s Folly
Jump to: navigation, search
Overbury’s Folly, Thalassery
View of Arabian Sea - Overbury’s Folly, Thalassery
Overbury’s Folly is an unfinished construction, or architectural folly, that now serves as a recreational park located in Thalassery, south India.
The folly is located on a hill near Thalassery District Court and is adjacent to a park. It slopes down from the sub-collector’s bungalow to the rocks below and is named after its builder, E. N. Overbury, a Briton who served as a local judge at Thalassery in the 1870s.
In 1879, Overbury wanted to construct a picnic spot at the cliff. He couldn’t complete it, but the spot later earned the name “Overbury’s Folly”. The folly commands sweeping views of the Arabian Sea.
Today, Overbury’s Folly has been renovated and redecorated as a tourist attraction. It is frequented by local people in the evenings as a place to relax. A seaside open-air coffee shop has also been opened on the folly.
See also
Thalassery
Thalassery Fort
Thalassery Pier
Thalassery Stadium
References
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2006)
This article about an Indian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
This article related to Kerala is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbury%27s_Folly”
Categories: Buildings and structures in Kerala | Folly buildings in India | Indian building and structure stubs | Kerala stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from October 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Kerala articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
??????
This page was last modified on 9 February 2010 at 05:54.
(Redirected from CFRY (AM))
Jump to: navigation, search
CFRY (920 AM and 93.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, it serves the Central Plains region of Manitoba. It first began broadcasting in 1956 at 1570 kHz before moving to its current dial position in 1966. An FM rebroadcaster was added in 1995. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting.
References
^ Decision CRTC 95-676
External links
CFRY Radio
CFRY history at Canadian Communications Foundation
Query the REC’s Canadian station database for CFRY
This article about a radio station in Manitoba is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFRY”
Categories: Golden West Broadcasting radio stations | Radio stations in Manitoba | Country radio stations in Canada | Western Canada radio station stubs | Manitoba stubs
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 22 January 2009 at 12:40.
Electron Power Systems, Inc. of Acton, Massachusetts, United States, claims to have developed a technology for maintaining small stable plasma toroids called electron spiral toroids (ESTs) which remain stable in Earth’s atmosphere without the use of any special magnetic fields. They claim to have created these toroids in the laboratory, and to have developed a mathematical model for them that is similar to some explanations for ball lightning.
Because of EST’s claimed lack of need for an external stabilizing magnetic field, EPS hope to be able to create small efficient fusion reactors by colliding magnetically-accelerated ESTs together at speeds high enough to induce ballistic nuclear fusion.
Their model for their reported toroidal phenomena was extensively criticised by a December 2000 technical report commissioned by NASA. As of 2004, EPS claim to have met the criticisms of the NASA report, and to have demonstrated that their model is mathematically sound, and state that they are ready to proceed with development of their technology.
References
Jean-Luc Cambier and David A. Micheletti. Theoretical Analysis of the Electron Spiral Toroid Concept NASA/CR-2000-210654
C. Chen, R. Pakter, and D. C. Seward. Equilibrium and stability properties of self-organized electron spiral toroids. Physics of Plasmas Vol 8(10) pp. 4441-4449. October 2001
External links
Electron Power Systems: The official web site of Electron Power Systems.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spiral_toroid”
Categories: Plasma physicsHidden categories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004 | All articles containing potentially dated statements
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 19 October 2009 at 04:06.
November 16, 1961 (1961-11-16)(age 48)
Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel
Political party
ChristianUnion
Children
Three daughters, one son
Residence
Zwolle
Occupation
Teacher
Religion
Reformed (Liberated)
Website
http://www.arieslob.nl
Arie Slob (born November 16, 1961 in Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel, Zuid-Holland) is a member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the ChristianUnion party.
Slob started his political career as a member of the city council of Zwolle from 1993 to 2001. In 2001, Slob became a member of the House of Representatives for the Reformed Political Alliance when leader Gert Schutte retired. After the 2002 elections, the newly formed ChristianUnion lost a seat, and Slob did not return to parliament. When lijsttrekker Kars Veling stepped down as a result of the election loss, Slob took his place. He was put on the second place of the list of ChristianUnion candidates for the 2003 elections, and was reelected.
Slob is currently the fractievoorzitter of ChristianUnion. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Infrastructural Projects
After the 2006 general elections, Slob and party lijsttrekker André Rouvoet represented the ChristianUnion in the negotiations for the formation of the new Dutch government.
External links
Official website
House of Representatives biography
Parlement.com biography
v•d•e
Current members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands since 2006
Christian Democratic Appeal
Schreijer-Pierik - van Geel - Atsma - Sterk - Schinkelshoek - de Vries - Spies - Ferrier - Madsen - Ormel - van Heugten - van Haersma Buma - Çörüz - van Hijum - van Bochove - Koopmans - van de Camp - Blanksma-van den Heuvel - Koppejan - Jager - Joldersma - van Dijk - Schermers Mastwijk - de Nerée tot Babberich - Biskop - Uitslag - Jos Hessels - ten Hoppen - Omtzigt - van Vroonhoven-Kok - Haverkamp - de Pater-van der Meer -Willemse-van der Ploeg - Jonker - Bilder - Knops - de Rouwe - van Toorenburg - Vietsch - Smilde
Halsema - Vendrik - Sap - van Gent - Azough - Dibi - Peters
Dutch Labour Party
Arib - Tang - Kraneveldt - Heijnen - Vos - van Dijken - Boelhouwer - Heerts - Hamer - van Dam - Besselink - Kuiken - Tichelaar - Verbeet (chair) - Timmer - Smeets - Spekman - Eijsink - Samsom - Gill’ard - Staf Depla - Agnes Wolbert - Dijsselbloem - Jacobi - Paul Kalma - Bouchibti - Leerdam - Roefs - Blom - Bouwmeester - van der Veen - Vermeij - Waalkens
Party for Freedom
Wilders - Agema - de Roon - Brinkman - Bosma - Graus - Madlener - van Dijck - Fritsma
Party for Animals
Thieme - Ouwehand
People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy
Rutte - Kamp - Griffith - van der Burg - Teeven - Schippers - Nicolaï - Remkes van Beek - van Baalen - van Miltenburg - Aptroot - Boekestijn - Neppérus - Hamming-Bluemink - Blok - de Krom - Zijlstra - ten Broeke - Weekers - Snijder-Hazelhoff
Member Verdonk
Verdonk
Reformed Political Party
van der Vlies - van der Staaij
Socialist Party
Marijnissen - Kant - Karabulut - van Bommel - de Wit - van Velzen - Irrgang - van Raak - Roemer - Leijten - Ulenbelt - Smits - Gesthuizen - van Dijk - de Rooij - van Leeuwen - Luijben - Jansen - Poppe - Gerkens - Bashir - Gerven - Langkamp - Polderman - Lempens
Italics signifies a temporary member - Bold signifies the parliamentary group leader
This article about a Dutch politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arie_Slob”
Categories: 1961 births | Living people | Dutch Calvinists | Dutch politicians | Members of Protestant political parties | People from South Holland | Dutch politician stubs
Gabriel Lenkiewicz (15 March 1722, Polatsk, Belarus - 21 Novembre 1798, Polatsk, Belarus) was temporary Vicar General of the Society of Jesus from 1785 until 1798, at a time when, being suppressed in all Catholic countries, the Society of Jesus was still surviving in Russia.
Contents
1Early Years and Formation
2Career
3Regional (Polish) Congregation II
4Temporary Vicar General
5References
Early Years and Formation
Of aristocratic Lithuanian family Lenkiewicz joined the Jesuits after making the ‘Humanities’. He did his Philosophy (1748-51) in Belarus, and then studied Mathematics, Astronomy and Architecture in the academy of Vilnius (1752-54). This was followed by Theology in Warsaw (1754-58) during which he was ordained priest (1757). After a few years of teaching Mathematics in Warsaw he was sent to Rome (Roman College) for further specialization in Architecture (1762-65).
Career
Back in Poland he was appointed to teach science at Polatsk (1765-68) but he made himself a name rather as architect of public and ecclesiastical building, including the construction of new premises for the high school of Polatsk (of which Stanislaus Czerniewicz was the Rector). After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus (1773) he became the right-hand man of the Vicar Czerniewicz, negotiating with him the survival of the Jesuits with Empress Catherina the II of Russia, all the while making sure that the standard of scientific education in Polatsk remains high: ‘quality education’ was an absolute necessity if the Society wanted to survive in Russia…
Regional (Polish) Congregation II
Lenkiewicz was busy preparing the Regional Congregation called to elect a successor to Stanislaw Czerniewicz (died in 1785) when news reached him that Pope Pius VI had given a verbal approval (12 March 1783) of the existence of the Society in Russia. At the Congregation II Lenkiewicz was elected Vicar General (8 October 1785). Much encouraged by the tacit approval of the Pope the Congregation Fathers did much to re-organize the life of the Society in Russia, after the first years of disarray: religious life and commitment, education (implementing the Ratio Studiorum), formation, admission of ex-Jesuits, etc. The province of White Russia was then numbering 172 Jesuits (95 priests, 23 students, 48 brothers and 6 novices) There were 6 high schools. Polatsk was the center of all Jesuit activities.
As Vicar General Lenkiewicz established relations with ex-Jesuits who wanted to rejoin the Society. He developed apostolic activities in the North, but had to struggle to maintain the Society’s independence in the face of interferences of the local bishop. After the dead of the local Governor (1791) and even more after the dead of Catherina II (1796), who both had been staunch protectors of the Society, there were moments of anxiety, even though her successor Emperor Paul I expressed support for the Jesuits (1797). Hope was rising however of having the Society recognized in the Duchy of Parma in Italy, whose ruler had asked that some Jesuits be sent him from Russia (1793). Groups of ex-Jesuits were asking to be affiliated to the Society in Russia. The years of Lenkiewicz as Vicar General are characterized by more stability in the life of the Jesuits, and renewal of apostolic activities. Young men were beginning to arrive from all over Western Europe with the desire to join the Jesuits. Spending 30 years in Polatsk in various capacities Lenkiewicz made of it a renowned place, with its scientific laboratory, rich library, museum of natural sciences, and other artistic and religious activities.
References
INGLOT, M., La Compagnia di Gesù nell’Impero Russo (1772-1820), Roma, 1997.
ZALENSKI, S., Les Jésuites de la Russie Blanche, (2 vol.), Paris, 1886.
Preceded by Stanislaus Czerniewicz
temporary Vicar General of the Society of Jesus
1785 – 1798
Succeeded by Franciszek Kareu
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lenkiewicz”
Categories: 1722 births | 1798 deaths | Lithuanian Jesuits | Lithuanian Roman Catholics
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
?????????? (???????????)
Deutsch
This page was last modified on 23 May 2009 at 21:23.
(Redirected from Oliver Smith (rugby player))
Jump to: navigation, search
Ollie Smith
Personal information
Date of birth
14 August 1982 (1982-08-14)(age 27)
Place of birth
Leicester, England
Height
6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Weight
15 st 2 lbs (96 kg)
School
John Cleveland College
University
Loughborough University
Rugby union career
Playing career
Position
Centre
Amateur clubs
Loughborough Students
Old Bosworthians
Market Bosworth
Clubs played for
Years
Club / team
Caps
Points
Professional / senior clubs
2000 ? 2008
2008 ?
Leicester Tigers
Montpellier Hérault RC
174
(185)
National team(s)
2000 ? 01
2001 ? 02
2003 ?
2005
England U-19
England U-21
England
British and Irish Lions
5 (0)
1 (5)
Oliver James Smith (born 14 August 1982 in Leicester) is an English rugby player who plays for Montpellier Hérault RC and England usually at outside centre and occasionally inside centre or wing. He sees himself as a centre who has enough pace to deliver on the wing if required. Smith is 6′1″ (1.85 m) and weighs 14 st 5l bs (91 kg). He formerly played for Leicester Tigers.
Contents
1Early career
2International career
32006 onwards
4References
5External links
Early career
He was educated at John Cleveland College, Hinckley and went on to do a PE & Sports Science degree at Loughborough University. He started playing junior rugby union with Old Bosworthians and then joined Market Bosworth at U14 level. As a boy he attended Tigers matches with his father and had his first season ticket at Welford Road at age seven. He joined Leicester Academy in 1999 after attending a trial. He was an unused replacement aged 17 before making his Leicester debut in September 2000 against London Irish after his 18th birthday, at the time he was the youngest player to feature in the Zurich Premiership. His age and ability led to comparisons with former Tigers’ centre Paul Dodge who did make his debut aged 17 and was to be his mentor.
International career
He played for England U18 ‘A’ in 1999/00 and the next season became a member of the England U19 team, progressing to the U21 side during 2001/02, then Smith gained his first cap as a replacement against Italy. He started his first game for England in the trial against France. However, concerns about his defensive positioning saw him fail to make the 2003 World Cup Squad.
With injuries to other centres Mike Tindall and Will Greenwood, Smith was tipped by amongst others former centre Jeremy Guscott to take his place in the 2005 Six Nations side. However, Smith was overlooked in favour of Newcastle centres of Mathew Tait and Jamie Noon. Tait, aged only 18, played poorly in his debut against Wales and was substituted by Olly Barkley who played in the remaining matches. Noon was solid, if unspectacular and retained his place. Some good performances from Smith in club games saw him come onto the bench for the games against Ireland, Italy and Scotland, gaining two more caps against Italy and Scotland.
Smith was then named to the British & Irish Lions squad for the tour of New Zealand ahead of Noon and Barkley. Shortly after this announcement, his father died. He played in the warm-up test against Argentina scoring a try. This game was later granted test status by the IRB. In 2008 there was a great disappointment for Ollie because he did not get into the England squad for the mid-year tour to New Zealand.
2006 onwards
Following a disappointing 2005/6 season, Smith went to Brisbane, Australia to train with the Brisbane Broncos rugby league team, apparently in an effort to rediscover his form. Smith then regained a regular starting position in the Leicester team with many tries to his name in the 2006/07 season.
Smith openly admitted to having talks with other clubs over a move for this season. He signed for Montpellier after playing over 180 games for the Tigers.
References
^“Smith admits transfer talks”. Sky Sports. 2008-02-06. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12331_3110776,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
External links
Leicester profile
England profile
Tigers
Sporting heroes
Stats
v•d•e
British and Irish Lions - 2005 New Zealand tour
Forwards
Back · Bulloch · Byrne · Cockbain · Corry · Dallaglio · Easterby · Grewcock · Hayes · Hill · Jenkins · Jones, R. · Kay · Moody · O’Callaghan · O’Connell · O’Kelly · Owen · Rowntree · Shaw · Sheridan · Stevens · Taylor · Thompson · Titterrell · White, Jason · White, Julian · Williams, M.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollie_Smith”
Categories: 1982 births | Living people | England international rugby union players | English rugby union players | Leicester Tigers players | Montpellier Hérault players | Alumni of Loughborough University | Expatriate rugby union players in France | Loughborough Students RUFC players
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
Français
This page was last modified on 3 March 2010 at 08:38.
Bonavista—Trinity—Conception was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1968 to 2003.
This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Bonavista—Twillingate and Trinity—Conception ridings. It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Avalon, Bonavista—Exploits and Random—Burin—St. George’s ridings.
It initially consisted of the provincial districts of Trinity North, Trinity South, Bay de Verde, Carbonear, Harbour Grace and Port de Grave, and part of the provincial district of Bonavista South.
Election results
Canadian federal election, 1968
Party
Candidate
Votes
Progressive Conservative
Frank Moores
14,823
Liberal
James Roy Tucker
10,082
New Democrat
Fraser Lloyd March
532
Canadian federal election, 1972
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Dave Rooney
12,635
Progressive Conservative
Fred Woodman
8,799
New Democrat
Edgar Alexander Russell
832
Independent
Sam Drover
616
Social Credit
S. Carey Skinner
127
Canadian federal election, 1974
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Dave Rooney
13,258
Progressive Conservative
John Lundrigan
12,117
New Democrat
Ted Noseworthy
1,078
Canadian federal election, 1979
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Dave Rooney
11,314
New Democrat
W.A. Bill Parsons
7,448
Progressive Conservative
Patrick J. Layman
5,943
Canadian federal election, 1980
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Dave Rooney
14,467
Progressive Conservative
Edward G. Bailey
8,388
New Democrat
Anne Robbins
4,619
Not affiliated
Ted Noseworthy
302
Canadian federal election, 1984
Party
Candidate
Votes
Progressive Conservative
Morrissey Johnson
19,015
Liberal
Dave Rooney
14,103
New Democrat
Susan Maher
1,432
Canadian federal election, 1988
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Fred Mifflin
21,290
Progressive Conservative
Morrissey Johnson
17,809
New Democrat
Larry Welsh
2,372
Canadian federal election, 1993
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Fred Mifflin
26,435
Progressive Conservative
Charlie Brett
7,479
New Democrat
Clem George
1,043
Natural Law
Lynn Tobin
370
Canadian federal election, 1997
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Fred Mifflin
12,929
New Democrat
Fraser March
12,359
Progressive Conservative
Randy Dawe
10,332
Independent
L. Christopher Randell
1,054
Canadian federal election, 2000
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
Brian Tobin
22,096
Progressive Conservative
Jim Morgan
11,009
New Democrat
Fraser March
6,473
Canadian Alliance
Randy Wayne Dawe
1,051
By-election on 13 May 2002
On Mr. Tobin’s resignation, 25 January 2002
Party
Candidate
Votes
Liberal
John Efford
18,665
Progressive Conservative
Michelle Brazil
5,281
New Democrat
Jim Gill
588
Canadian Alliance
David Tulett
166
Green
Christopher John Bradshaw
139
Not affiliated
Brent Rockwood
106
See also
List of Canadian federal electoral districts
Past Canadian electoral districts
External links
Riding history for Bonavista—Trinity—Conception (1966–2003) from the Library of Parliament
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonavista%E2%80%94Trinity%E2%80%94Conception”
Categories: Defunct Newfoundland and Labrador federal electoral districts
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
Français
This page was last modified on 1 December 2009 at 04:56.
Halas and Batchelor was an animation company founded by John Halas and his wife, Joy Batchelor. The company started as a small animation unit that created commercials for theatrical distribution. The unit continued this until the outbreak of World War II and became well known for its over 70 animated propaganda short films. Its first feature film was Handling Ships, made in 1945, and is the first-ever British animated feature. After the war, Halas and Batchelor continued to make short films, while in production, the first British animated feature released worldwide, Animal Farm was being made. The studio grew from a small unit to a proper animation company, located on several areas in Britain. Its best-known animation series were Foo Foo (1959-60) and DoDo, The Kid from Outer Space (1965-70).
As well as short films, the studio made a small number of feature films, such as Ruddigore in the late 1960s. The company no longer exists but most of the 2000 films now form part of The Halas and Batchelor Collection Limited that was started in 1996.
External links
Animation Research Centre archive of Halas & Batchelor’s films and artwork
Official site
Screenonline Halas and Batchelor biography British Film Institute website
BBC Gloucestershire article about Halas & Batchelor animator Harold Whitaker
Halas and Batchelor at the Internet Movie Database
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 27 January 2010 at 12:49.
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the rail gauge. To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car, and installing a new chassis with differently spaced wheels. It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though engines can be exchanged if more time is available.
Bogies exchange operation in Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese–Russian border
Contents
1Wagons and carriages
2Engines
2.1Steam
2.2Diesel
3Raising or lowering
3.1Raise
3.2Lower
4International
4.1Argentina
4.2Australia
4.3Belarus
4.4Bolivia
4.5Canada
4.6China
4.7Finland
4.8Iran
4.9Kazakhstan
4.10North Korea
4.11Peru
4.12Romania
4.13Russia
4.14Spain
4.15Tunisia
4.16Ukraine
5Variable Gauge Axles
6See also
7Gallery
8External links
9References
Wagons and carriages
Bogie wagons can have their gauge changed by lifting them off one set of bogies and putting them back down again on another set of bogies. The pin that centres the bogies and the hoses and fittings for the brakes must be compatible. There needs to be a generous supply of bogies of each gauge to accommodate the ebb and flow of traffic.
The bogies and wagons also need to have standardized hooks, etc, where they may be efficiently lifted.
Four-wheel wagons are not suitable for gauge change.
Engines
Steam
Steam engines can be designed for more than one gauge by say having reversible wheel hubs that suit two alternative gauges. This was done in the 1930s and beyond in Victoria for possible gauge conversion, though no engines were ever converted in this manner other than one heritage engine (R766). Some 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) Garratt locomotives of East Africa were designed for easy conversion to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge, though again none ever were.
Diesel
Diesel locomotives have bogies like wagons and carriages, only with more cables for the traction motors and take a little longer to convert. In Australia, some classes of diesel locomotives are regularly gauge-converted to suit traffic requirements on the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in), 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) and 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) networks.
Since the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) networks are not all connected to each other, being separated by deserts or lines of other gauges, the are bogie-exchanged or piggybacked on road or rail vehicles when transferred between these networks.
Raising or lowering
Raise
The simplest way to carry out bogie exchange is the lift the wagons off the bogies and replace them back on new bogies. This may require the wagons in a train to be uncoupled, and continuous brakes disconnected. As the bogies are swung out of the way, they sway, which wastes time settling them down.
Lower
A cleverer way of carrying out bogie exchange is to lower the bogies onto a trolley in a pit, after which the trolleys are rolled out of the way and others return. This keeps the train couplings and continuous brakes connected. In addition, the bogies never need leave a solid surface, so that they can be wheeled in and out more quickly. This method was used at Dry Creek railway station, Adelaide.
International
Argentina
Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Australia
Between 1961 and 1995, Australia had five bogie exchange centres, which opened and closed as gauge conversion work proceeded. The gauges served were 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in), though the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Queensland did acquire 100 bogie-exchange compatible QLX wagons just in case. All the wagons involved had wagon codes ending in “X”, such as VLX.
The centres were:
Dynon, Melbourne, Victoria
Wodonga near Albury on state border.
Port Pirie, South Australia
Peterborough, South Australia
Dry Creek, Adelaide, South Australia - the youngest and most modern.
The busiest facility was that at Dynon, in a typical year (1981-82) 24,110 wagons were bogie exchanged, an average of 66 per day. This was done by one shift of 18 men, compared with the 100 men required if the same amount of freight was transferred wagon to wagon.
Belarus
Brest, Belarus – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Poland
Bolivia
Bogie exchange used between 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) gauge on the Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia Railway.
Canada
Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge of the former Newfoundland Railway (Terra Transport) at Port aux Basques
China
A bogie exchange station exists at the Chinese border to Mongolia. Both the Moscow-Beijing passenger train (Trans-Siberian) and freight trains get their bogies exchanged. Mongolia has Russian gauge 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in), China has 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in).
Finland
A bogie exchange station exists in the Port of Turku with a short stretch of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) gauge railway. Freight cars get their bogies exchanged. SeaRail train ferries go from Germany and Sweden. They carry no passenger trains, and passengers must walk by foot to Turku Harbour railway station opposite the ferry terminals. Finland has 1,524 mm (5 ft) broad gauge.
Iran
Jolfa - c1950, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge)
Sarakhs - c1990, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge)
Zahedan - proposed 2008, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge)
Kazakhstan
Druzhba, KZ - Alashankou, CN between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in).
North Korea
Tumangan, North Korea – between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) at the border to Russia.
The bogies of the direct sleeping car Moscow - Pyongyang, which runs twice monthly, are exchanged here.
Peru
Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 3 ft (914 mm) on the Ferrocarril Central Andino, including locomotives
Romania
Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) at Vadul Siret between Romania and Moldova
Russia
Zabaikalsk (450 km from Chita) with China
Grodekovo (116 km from Ussuriisk and 224 km from Vladivostok) with China
Khasan North Korea (315 km from Vladivostok).
Kholmsk, Sakhalin Island. The bogie exchange is necessary to enable Russian mainland cars to run on the Sakhalin railways, which use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in).
Spain
At Irun, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2?3 in) (Iberian gauge)
At Portbou, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2?3 in)
Tunisia
Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) (meter gauge), including locomotives
Ukraine
Chop, Ukraine – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Hungary and Slovakia
Jagodin, Ukraine – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Poland
Variable Gauge Axles
Variable Gauge Axles also called Automatic Track Gauge Changeover System is a newer and faster development than bogie exchange. While Bogie Exchange is “obvious” and brute force, VGA / ATGCS is “subtle, hidden” and elegant. The SUW 2000 ATGCS requires a change over track about 20 m long, with a shed if there is snow compared to a small marshalling yard required by bogie exchange.
See also
SeaRail
Qazaqstan Temir Zholy
Mungindi railway line
Transporter wagon - and its logical development, the transporter train.
Ramsey Car Transfer Apparatus
Wheelset
Automatic Track Gauge Changeover System
Gallery
One half of bogie exchange at Vadu Siret, Romania
External links
References
^ Catch Point - November 2007 - p35 - picture of lowering method
^ http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1271610
^ http://www.trainweb.org/mystation/gauge1.txt
^ Ian Patterson & Partners
^ Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 7, page 477
^Lee, Robert (2007). The Railways of Victoria 1854-2004. Melbourne University Publishing Ltd. p. page 224. ISBN 9780522851342.
^ Travelogue Vienna - Pyongyang via Tumangan
^ ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogie_exchange”
Categories: Rail gauge | Rolling stockHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
???????
This page was last modified on 24 February 2010 at 13:51.
The Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher (Myioparus griseigularis) is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
References
BirdLife International 2004. Myioparus griseigularis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 July 2007.
This article about an Old World flycatcher is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-throated_Tit-flycatcher”
Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species | Muscicapidae stubs | Myioparus
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
Português
This page was last modified on 24 August 2008 at 16:50.
Newfoundland and Labrador electoral district
