Overbury’s Folly

March 12th, 2010

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Overbury’s Folly

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Overbury’s Folly, Thalassery


View of Arabian Sea - Overbury’s Folly, Thalassery

Overbury’s Folly is an unfinished construction, or architectural folly, that now serves as a recreational park located in Thalassery, south India.

The folly is located on a hill near Thalassery District Court and is adjacent to a park. It slopes down from the sub-collector’s bungalow to the rocks below and is named after its builder, E. N. Overbury, a Briton who served as a local judge at Thalassery in the 1870s.

In 1879, Overbury wanted to construct a picnic spot at the cliff. He couldn’t complete it, but the spot later earned the name “Overbury’s Folly”. The folly commands sweeping views of the Arabian Sea.

Today, Overbury’s Folly has been renovated and redecorated as a tourist attraction. It is frequented by local people in the evenings as a place to relax. A seaside open-air coffee shop has also been opened on the folly.

See also

  • Thalassery
  • Thalassery Fort
  • Thalassery Pier
  • Thalassery Stadium

References

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbury%27s_Folly”
Categories: Buildings and structures in Kerala | Folly buildings in India | Indian building and structure stubs | Kerala stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from October 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Kerala articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates

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CFRY (AM)

March 11th, 2010

















CFRY

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CFRY (920 AM and 93.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, it serves the Central Plains region of Manitoba. It first began broadcasting in 1956 at 1570 kHz before moving to its current dial position in 1966. An FM rebroadcaster was added in 1995. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting.

References

  1. ^ Decision CRTC 95-676

External links

  • CFRY Radio
  • CFRY history at Canadian Communications Foundation
  • Query the REC’s Canadian station database for CFRY

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFRY”
Categories: Golden West Broadcasting radio stations | Radio stations in Manitoba | Country radio stations in Canada | Western Canada radio station stubs | Manitoba stubs

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Electron spiral toroid

March 11th, 2010

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Electron spiral toroid

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Electron Power Systems, Inc. of Acton, Massachusetts, United States, claims to have developed a technology for maintaining small stable plasma toroids called electron spiral toroids (ESTs) which remain stable in Earth’s atmosphere without the use of any special magnetic fields. They claim to have created these toroids in the laboratory, and to have developed a mathematical model for them that is similar to some explanations for ball lightning.

Because of EST’s claimed lack of need for an external stabilizing magnetic field, EPS hope to be able to create small efficient fusion reactors by colliding magnetically-accelerated ESTs together at speeds high enough to induce ballistic nuclear fusion.

Their model for their reported toroidal phenomena was extensively criticised by a December 2000 technical report commissioned by NASA. As of 2004, EPS claim to have met the criticisms of the NASA report, and to have demonstrated that their model is mathematically sound, and state that they are ready to proceed with development of their technology.

References

  • Jean-Luc Cambier and David A. Micheletti. Theoretical Analysis of the Electron Spiral Toroid Concept NASA/CR-2000-210654
  • C. Chen, R. Pakter, and D. C. Seward. Equilibrium and stability properties of self-organized electron spiral toroids. Physics of Plasmas Vol 8(10) pp. 4441-4449. October 2001

External links

  • Electron Power Systems: The official web site of Electron Power Systems.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spiral_toroid”
Categories: Plasma physicsHidden categories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004 | All articles containing potentially dated statements

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Arie Slob

March 10th, 2010

















Arie Slob

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Arie Slob

Born November 16, 1961 (1961-11-16) (age 48)
Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel
Political party ChristianUnion
Children Three daughters, one son
Residence Zwolle
Occupation Teacher
Religion Reformed (Liberated)
Website http://www.arieslob.nl

Arie Slob (born November 16, 1961 in Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel, Zuid-Holland) is a member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the ChristianUnion party.

Slob started his political career as a member of the city council of Zwolle from 1993 to 2001. In 2001, Slob became a member of the House of Representatives for the Reformed Political Alliance when leader Gert Schutte retired. After the 2002 elections, the newly formed ChristianUnion lost a seat, and Slob did not return to parliament. When lijsttrekker Kars Veling stepped down as a result of the election loss, Slob took his place. He was put on the second place of the list of ChristianUnion candidates for the 2003 elections, and was reelected.

Slob is currently the fractievoorzitter of ChristianUnion. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Infrastructural Projects

After the 2006 general elections, Slob and party lijsttrekker André Rouvoet represented the ChristianUnion in the negotiations for the formation of the new Dutch government.

External links

  • Official website
  • House of Representatives biography
  • Parlement.com biography

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arie_Slob”
Categories: 1961 births | Living people | Dutch Calvinists | Dutch politicians | Members of Protestant political parties | People from South Holland | Dutch politician stubs

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Gabriel Lenkiewicz

March 9th, 2010

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Gabriel Lenkiewicz

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Gabriel Lenkiewicz (15 March 1722, Polatsk, Belarus - 21 Novembre 1798, Polatsk, Belarus) was temporary Vicar General of the Society of Jesus from 1785 until 1798, at a time when, being suppressed in all Catholic countries, the Society of Jesus was still surviving in Russia.

Contents

  • 1 Early Years and Formation
  • 2 Career
  • 3 Regional (Polish) Congregation II
  • 4 Temporary Vicar General
  • 5 References

Early Years and Formation

Of aristocratic Lithuanian family Lenkiewicz joined the Jesuits after making the ‘Humanities’. He did his Philosophy (1748-51) in Belarus, and then studied Mathematics, Astronomy and Architecture in the academy of Vilnius (1752-54). This was followed by Theology in Warsaw (1754-58) during which he was ordained priest (1757). After a few years of teaching Mathematics in Warsaw he was sent to Rome (Roman College) for further specialization in Architecture (1762-65).

Career

Back in Poland he was appointed to teach science at Polatsk (1765-68) but he made himself a name rather as architect of public and ecclesiastical building, including the construction of new premises for the high school of Polatsk (of which Stanislaus Czerniewicz was the Rector). After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus (1773) he became the right-hand man of the Vicar Czerniewicz, negotiating with him the survival of the Jesuits with Empress Catherina the II of Russia, all the while making sure that the standard of scientific education in Polatsk remains high: ‘quality education’ was an absolute necessity if the Society wanted to survive in Russia…

Regional (Polish) Congregation II

Lenkiewicz was busy preparing the Regional Congregation called to elect a successor to Stanislaw Czerniewicz (died in 1785) when news reached him that Pope Pius VI had given a verbal approval (12 March 1783) of the existence of the Society in Russia. At the Congregation II Lenkiewicz was elected Vicar General (8 October 1785). Much encouraged by the tacit approval of the Pope the Congregation Fathers did much to re-organize the life of the Society in Russia, after the first years of disarray: religious life and commitment, education (implementing the Ratio Studiorum), formation, admission of ex-Jesuits, etc. The province of White Russia was then numbering 172 Jesuits (95 priests, 23 students, 48 brothers and 6 novices) There were 6 high schools. Polatsk was the center of all Jesuit activities.

Temporary Vicar General

As Vicar General Lenkiewicz established relations with ex-Jesuits who wanted to rejoin the Society. He developed apostolic activities in the North, but had to struggle to maintain the Society’s independence in the face of interferences of the local bishop. After the dead of the local Governor (1791) and even more after the dead of Catherina II (1796), who both had been staunch protectors of the Society, there were moments of anxiety, even though her successor Emperor Paul I expressed support for the Jesuits (1797). Hope was rising however of having the Society recognized in the Duchy of Parma in Italy, whose ruler had asked that some Jesuits be sent him from Russia (1793). Groups of ex-Jesuits were asking to be affiliated to the Society in Russia. The years of Lenkiewicz as Vicar General are characterized by more stability in the life of the Jesuits, and renewal of apostolic activities. Young men were beginning to arrive from all over Western Europe with the desire to join the Jesuits. Spending 30 years in Polatsk in various capacities Lenkiewicz made of it a renowned place, with its scientific laboratory, rich library, museum of natural sciences, and other artistic and religious activities.

References

  • INGLOT, M., La Compagnia di Gesù nell’Impero Russo (1772-1820), Roma, 1997.
  • ZALENSKI, S., Les Jésuites de la Russie Blanche, (2 vol.), Paris, 1886.
Preceded by
Stanislaus Czerniewicz
temporary Vicar General of the Society of Jesus
1785 – 1798
Succeeded by
Franciszek Kareu

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lenkiewicz”
Categories: 1722 births | 1798 deaths | Lithuanian Jesuits | Lithuanian Roman Catholics

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Oliver Smith (rugby player)

March 8th, 2010

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Ollie Smith

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Ollie Smith
Personal information
Date of birth 14 August 1982 (1982-08-14) (age 27)
Place of birth Leicester, England
Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Weight 15 st 2 lbs (96 kg)
School John Cleveland College
University Loughborough University
Rugby union career
Playing career
Position Centre
Amateur clubs
Loughborough Students
Old Bosworthians
Market Bosworth
Clubs played for
Years Club / team Caps Points
Professional / senior clubs
2000 ? 2008
2008 ?
Leicester Tigers
Montpellier Hérault RC
174 (185)
National team(s)
2000 ? 01
2001 ? 02
2003 ?
2005
England U-19
England U-21
England
British and Irish Lions

5 (0)
1 (5)

Oliver James Smith (born 14 August 1982 in Leicester) is an English rugby player who plays for Montpellier Hérault RC and England usually at outside centre and occasionally inside centre or wing. He sees himself as a centre who has enough pace to deliver on the wing if required. Smith is 6′1″ (1.85 m) and weighs 14 st 5l bs (91 kg). He formerly played for Leicester Tigers.

Contents

  • 1 Early career
  • 2 International career
  • 3 2006 onwards
  • 4 References
  • 5 External links

Early career

He was educated at John Cleveland College, Hinckley and went on to do a PE & Sports Science degree at Loughborough University. He started playing junior rugby union with Old Bosworthians and then joined Market Bosworth at U14 level. As a boy he attended Tigers matches with his father and had his first season ticket at Welford Road at age seven. He joined Leicester Academy in 1999 after attending a trial. He was an unused replacement aged 17 before making his Leicester debut in September 2000 against London Irish after his 18th birthday, at the time he was the youngest player to feature in the Zurich Premiership. His age and ability led to comparisons with former Tigers’ centre Paul Dodge who did make his debut aged 17 and was to be his mentor.

International career

He played for England U18 ‘A’ in 1999/00 and the next season became a member of the England U19 team, progressing to the U21 side during 2001/02, then Smith gained his first cap as a replacement against Italy. He started his first game for England in the trial against France. However, concerns about his defensive positioning saw him fail to make the 2003 World Cup Squad.

With injuries to other centres Mike Tindall and Will Greenwood, Smith was tipped by amongst others former centre Jeremy Guscott to take his place in the 2005 Six Nations side. However, Smith was overlooked in favour of Newcastle centres of Mathew Tait and Jamie Noon. Tait, aged only 18, played poorly in his debut against Wales and was substituted by Olly Barkley who played in the remaining matches. Noon was solid, if unspectacular and retained his place. Some good performances from Smith in club games saw him come onto the bench for the games against Ireland, Italy and Scotland, gaining two more caps against Italy and Scotland.

Smith was then named to the British & Irish Lions squad for the tour of New Zealand ahead of Noon and Barkley. Shortly after this announcement, his father died. He played in the warm-up test against Argentina scoring a try. This game was later granted test status by the IRB. In 2008 there was a great disappointment for Ollie because he did not get into the England squad for the mid-year tour to New Zealand.

2006 onwards

Following a disappointing 2005/6 season, Smith went to Brisbane, Australia to train with the Brisbane Broncos rugby league team, apparently in an effort to rediscover his form. Smith then regained a regular starting position in the Leicester team with many tries to his name in the 2006/07 season.

Smith openly admitted to having talks with other clubs over a move for this season. He signed for Montpellier after playing over 180 games for the Tigers.

References

  1. ^ “Smith admits transfer talks”. Sky Sports. 2008-02-06. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12331_3110776,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 

External links

  • Leicester profile
  • England profile
  • Tigers
  • Sporting heroes
  • Stats

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollie_Smith”
Categories: 1982 births | Living people | England international rugby union players | English rugby union players | Leicester Tigers players | Montpellier Hérault players | Alumni of Loughborough University | Expatriate rugby union players in France | Loughborough Students RUFC players

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Bonavista—Trinity—Conception

March 8th, 2010

















Bonavista—Trinity—Conception

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Bonavista—Trinity—Conception
Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador electoral district
Sin mapa.svg
Defunct federal electoral district
Legislature House of Commons
District created 1966
District abolished 2003
First contested 1968
Last contested 2000

Bonavista—Trinity—Conception was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1968 to 2003.

This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Bonavista—Twillingate and Trinity—Conception ridings. It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Avalon, Bonavista—Exploits and Random—Burin—St. George’s ridings.

It initially consisted of the provincial districts of Trinity North, Trinity South, Bay de Verde, Carbonear, Harbour Grace and Port de Grave, and part of the provincial district of Bonavista South.

Election results

Canadian federal election, 1968
Party Candidate Votes
     Progressive Conservative Frank Moores 14,823
     Liberal James Roy Tucker 10,082
     New Democrat Fraser Lloyd March 532

Canadian federal election, 1972
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Dave Rooney 12,635
     Progressive Conservative Fred Woodman 8,799
     New Democrat Edgar Alexander Russell 832
     Independent Sam Drover 616
     Social Credit S. Carey Skinner 127

Canadian federal election, 1974
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Dave Rooney 13,258
     Progressive Conservative John Lundrigan 12,117
     New Democrat Ted Noseworthy 1,078

Canadian federal election, 1979
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Dave Rooney 11,314
     New Democrat W.A. Bill Parsons 7,448
     Progressive Conservative Patrick J. Layman 5,943

Canadian federal election, 1980
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Dave Rooney 14,467
     Progressive Conservative Edward G. Bailey 8,388
     New Democrat Anne Robbins 4,619
     Not affiliated Ted Noseworthy 302

Canadian federal election, 1984
Party Candidate Votes
     Progressive Conservative Morrissey Johnson 19,015
     Liberal Dave Rooney 14,103
     New Democrat Susan Maher 1,432

Canadian federal election, 1988
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Fred Mifflin 21,290
     Progressive Conservative Morrissey Johnson 17,809
     New Democrat Larry Welsh 2,372

Canadian federal election, 1993
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Fred Mifflin 26,435
     Progressive Conservative Charlie Brett 7,479
     New Democrat Clem George 1,043
     Natural Law Lynn Tobin 370

Canadian federal election, 1997
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Fred Mifflin 12,929
     New Democrat Fraser March 12,359
     Progressive Conservative Randy Dawe 10,332
     Independent L. Christopher Randell 1,054

Canadian federal election, 2000
Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal Brian Tobin 22,096
     Progressive Conservative Jim Morgan 11,009
     New Democrat Fraser March 6,473
     Canadian Alliance Randy Wayne Dawe 1,051

By-election on 13 May 2002

On Mr. Tobin’s resignation, 25 January 2002

Party Candidate Votes
     Liberal John Efford 18,665
     Progressive Conservative Michelle Brazil 5,281
     New Democrat Jim Gill 588
     Canadian Alliance David Tulett 166
     Green Christopher John Bradshaw 139
     Not affiliated Brent Rockwood 106

See also

  • List of Canadian federal electoral districts
  • Past Canadian electoral districts

External links

  • Riding history for Bonavista—Trinity—Conception (1966–2003) from the Library of Parliament

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonavista%E2%80%94Trinity%E2%80%94Conception”
Categories: Defunct Newfoundland and Labrador federal electoral districts

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Halas and Batchelor

March 6th, 2010

















Halas and Batchelor

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Title logo

Halas and Batchelor was an animation company founded by John Halas and his wife, Joy Batchelor. The company started as a small animation unit that created commercials for theatrical distribution. The unit continued this until the outbreak of World War II and became well known for its over 70 animated propaganda short films. Its first feature film was Handling Ships, made in 1945, and is the first-ever British animated feature. After the war, Halas and Batchelor continued to make short films, while in production, the first British animated feature released worldwide, Animal Farm was being made. The studio grew from a small unit to a proper animation company, located on several areas in Britain. Its best-known animation series were Foo Foo (1959-60) and DoDo, The Kid from Outer Space (1965-70).

As well as short films, the studio made a small number of feature films, such as Ruddigore in the late 1960s. The company no longer exists but most of the 2000 films now form part of The Halas and Batchelor Collection Limited that was started in 1996.

External links

  • Animation Research Centre archive of Halas & Batchelor’s films and artwork
  • Official site
  • Screenonline Halas and Batchelor biography British Film Institute website
  • BBC Gloucestershire article about Halas & Batchelor animator Harold Whitaker
  • Halas and Batchelor at the Internet Movie Database

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Bogie exchange

March 6th, 2010

















Bogie exchange

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Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the rail gauge. To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car, and installing a new chassis with differently spaced wheels. It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though engines can be exchanged if more time is available.


Bogies exchange operation in Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese–Russian border

Contents

  • 1 Wagons and carriages
  • 2 Engines
    • 2.1 Steam
    • 2.2 Diesel
  • 3 Raising or lowering
    • 3.1 Raise
    • 3.2 Lower
  • 4 International
    • 4.1 Argentina
    • 4.2 Australia
    • 4.3 Belarus
    • 4.4 Bolivia
    • 4.5 Canada
    • 4.6 China
    • 4.7 Finland
    • 4.8 Iran
    • 4.9 Kazakhstan
    • 4.10 North Korea
    • 4.11 Peru
    • 4.12 Romania
    • 4.13 Russia
    • 4.14 Spain
    • 4.15 Tunisia
    • 4.16 Ukraine
  • 5 Variable Gauge Axles
  • 6 See also
  • 7 Gallery
  • 8 External links
  • 9 References

Wagons and carriages

Bogie wagons can have their gauge changed by lifting them off one set of bogies and putting them back down again on another set of bogies. The pin that centres the bogies and the hoses and fittings for the brakes must be compatible. There needs to be a generous supply of bogies of each gauge to accommodate the ebb and flow of traffic.

The bogies and wagons also need to have standardized hooks, etc, where they may be efficiently lifted.

Four-wheel wagons are not suitable for gauge change.

Engines

Steam

Steam engines can be designed for more than one gauge by say having reversible wheel hubs that suit two alternative gauges. This was done in the 1930s and beyond in Victoria for possible gauge conversion, though no engines were ever converted in this manner other than one heritage engine (R766). Some 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) Garratt locomotives of East Africa were designed for easy conversion to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge, though again none ever were.

Diesel

Diesel locomotives have bogies like wagons and carriages, only with more cables for the traction motors and take a little longer to convert. In Australia, some classes of diesel locomotives are regularly gauge-converted to suit traffic requirements on the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in), 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) and 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) networks.

Since the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) networks are not all connected to each other, being separated by deserts or lines of other gauges, the are bogie-exchanged or piggybacked on road or rail vehicles when transferred between these networks.

Raising or lowering

Raise

The simplest way to carry out bogie exchange is the lift the wagons off the bogies and replace them back on new bogies. This may require the wagons in a train to be uncoupled, and continuous brakes disconnected. As the bogies are swung out of the way, they sway, which wastes time settling them down.

Lower

A cleverer way of carrying out bogie exchange is to lower the bogies onto a trolley in a pit, after which the trolleys are rolled out of the way and others return. This keeps the train couplings and continuous brakes connected. In addition, the bogies never need leave a solid surface, so that they can be wheeled in and out more quickly. This method was used at Dry Creek railway station, Adelaide.

International

Argentina

  • Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)

Australia

Between 1961 and 1995, Australia had five bogie exchange centres, which opened and closed as gauge conversion work proceeded. The gauges served were 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in), though the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Queensland did acquire 100 bogie-exchange compatible QLX wagons just in case. All the wagons involved had wagon codes ending in “X”, such as VLX.

The centres were:

  • Dynon, Melbourne, Victoria
  • Wodonga near Albury on state border.
  • Port Pirie, South Australia
  • Peterborough, South Australia
  • Dry Creek, Adelaide, South Australia - the youngest and most modern.

The busiest facility was that at Dynon, in a typical year (1981-82) 24,110 wagons were bogie exchanged, an average of 66 per day. This was done by one shift of 18 men, compared with the 100 men required if the same amount of freight was transferred wagon to wagon.

Belarus

  • Brest, Belarus – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Poland

Bolivia

Bogie exchange used between 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) gauge on the Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia Railway.

Canada

  • Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge of the former Newfoundland Railway (Terra Transport) at Port aux Basques

China

A bogie exchange station exists at the Chinese border to Mongolia. Both the Moscow-Beijing passenger train (Trans-Siberian) and freight trains get their bogies exchanged. Mongolia has Russian gauge 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in), China has 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in).

Finland

A bogie exchange station exists in the Port of Turku with a short stretch of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) gauge railway. Freight cars get their bogies exchanged. SeaRail train ferries go from Germany and Sweden. They carry no passenger trains, and passengers must walk by foot to Turku Harbour railway station opposite the ferry terminals. Finland has 1,524 mm (5 ft)  broad gauge.

Iran

  • Iran Azerbaijan Jolfa - c1950, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge)
  • Iran Turkmenistan Sarakhs - c1990, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge)
  • Iran Pakistan Zahedan - proposed 2008, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge)

Kazakhstan

  • Kazakhstan Druzhba, KZ - People's Republic of China Alashankou, CN between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in).

North Korea

  • Tumangan, North Korea – between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) at the border to Russia.

The bogies of the direct sleeping car Moscow - Pyongyang, which runs twice monthly, are exchanged here.

Peru

  • Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 3 ft  (914 mm) on the Ferrocarril Central Andino, including locomotives

Romania

  • Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) at Vadul Siret between Romania and Moldova

Russia

  • Russia People's Republic of China Zabaikalsk (450 km from Chita) with China
  • Russia People's Republic of China Grodekovo (116 km from Ussuriisk and 224 km from Vladivostok) with China
  • Khasan Russia North Korea North Korea (315 km from Vladivostok).
  • Russia Kholmsk, Sakhalin Island. The bogie exchange is necessary to enable Russian mainland cars to run on the Sakhalin railways, which use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in).

Spain

  • At Irun, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2?3 in) (Iberian gauge)
  • At Portbou, between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) and 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2?3 in)

Tunisia

  • Between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) Standard gauge and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3?8 in) (meter gauge), including locomotives

Ukraine

  • Chop, Ukraine – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Hungary and Slovakia
  • Jagodin, Ukraine – between 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+5?6 in) (Russian gauge) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1?2 in) at the border to Poland

Variable Gauge Axles

Variable Gauge Axles also called Automatic Track Gauge Changeover System is a newer and faster development than bogie exchange. While Bogie Exchange is “obvious” and brute force, VGA / ATGCS is “subtle, hidden” and elegant. The SUW 2000 ATGCS requires a change over track about 20 m long, with a shed if there is snow compared to a small marshalling yard required by bogie exchange.

See also

  • SeaRail
  • Qazaqstan Temir Zholy
  • Mungindi railway line
  • Transporter wagon - and its logical development, the transporter train.
  • Ramsey Car Transfer Apparatus
  • Wheelset
  • Automatic Track Gauge Changeover System

Gallery

External links

References

  1. ^ Catch Point - November 2007 - p35 - picture of lowering method
  2. ^ http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1271610
  3. ^ http://www.trainweb.org/mystation/gauge1.txt
  4. ^ Ian Patterson & Partners
  5. ^ Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 7, page 477
  6. ^ Lee, Robert (2007). The Railways of Victoria 1854-2004. Melbourne University Publishing Ltd. p. page 224. ISBN 9780522851342. 
  7. ^ Travelogue Vienna - Pyongyang via Tumangan
  8. ^ ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogie_exchange”
Categories: Rail gauge | Rolling stockHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008

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Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher

March 6th, 2010

















Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher

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Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Myioparus
Species: M. griseigularis
Binomial name
Myioparus griseigularis
(Jackson, 1906)

The Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher (Myioparus griseigularis) is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

References

  • BirdLife International 2004. Myioparus griseigularis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-throated_Tit-flycatcher”
Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species | Muscicapidae stubs | Myioparus

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